Melamine tabali minɛnw b’a to i bɛ se ka sigi i ka deki kan k’a sɔrɔ i ma hami i ka china ɲuman tiɲɛni na. A ɲini k’a dɔn cogo min na o minɛn nafamaw kɛra fɛn nafamaw ye don o don dumuni na san 1950 waatiw la ani o kɔfɛ.
Leanne Potts ye kunnafonidilaw ye min ye jɔyɔrɔba sɔrɔ, a bɛ ka dilancogo ni sow kofɔ kabini san bisaba. A ye fɛn bɛɛ dɔnbaga ye, k’a ta so dɔ kulɛri sugandili la ka taa a bila ciyɛn tomati sɛnɛni na ka se biɲɛdimi bɔyɔrɔ ma sokɔnɔna dilanni na. A ka baara bɔra HGTV, Parade, BHG, Travel Channel ani Bob Vila kan.
Marcus Reeves ye sɛbɛnnikɛla ye min bɛ se kosɛbɛ, weleweledala ani tiɲɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛbaga. A y’a daminɛ ka kunnafoniw sɛbɛn The Source gafe kɔnɔ. A ka baara bɔra The New York Times, Playboy, The Washington Post ani Rolling Stone, ani gafe wɛrɛw la. A ka gafe min tɔgɔ ye ko Someone Screamed: The Rise of Rap in the Black Power Aftershock, o tɔgɔ Dara Zora Neale Hurston ka jaabi la. Ale ye karamɔgɔ dɛmɛnbaa ye Niyɔriki Iniwɛrisite la, a bɛ sɛbɛnni ni kumaɲɔgɔnya kalan yɔrɔ min na. Marcus ye a ka baarakɛla ka diplomu sɔrɔ Rutgers Iniwɛrisite la, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Ameriki kɛlɛ kɔfɛ, cɛmancɛlamɔgɔw ka sigida min tun bɛ kɛ cogoya la, o tun bɛ kɛ ni patisoba sufɛdumuni ye, denmisɛnnin caman, ani lafiya lajɛw, i tɛna siko kɛ yɔrɔ minnu na ka taa sufɛdumuni kɛ ni china ɲumanw ye ani damasi tabali girinmanw. O nɔ na, ​​o waati la, minɛn minnu tun ka di mɔgɔw ye, olu tun ye plastiki minɛnw ye, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la minnu dilannen don ni melamini ye.
Dɔgɔtɔrɔ Anna Ruth Gatling, min ye sokɔnɔna dilanni karamɔgɔ dɛmɛbaga ye Auburn Iniwɛrisite la, n’a bɛ kalan dɔ kɛ sokɔnɔna dilanni tariku kan, o ko: “Siga t’a la, melamini bɛ se ka kɛ nin don o don ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo ye.”
Melamine ye plastiki resin ye min dabɔra Alemaɲi kemikɛla Justus von Liebig fɛ san 1830 waatiw la. Nka, ikomi o fɛn dilanni tun sɔngɔ ka gɛlɛn ani von Liebig ma a latigɛ abada a bɛna min kɛ n’a ka fɛn dilannen ye, o tun bɛ sunɔgɔ la san kɛmɛ kɔnɔ. San 1930 waatiw la, fɛɛrɛ kuraw y’a to melamini dilanni musaka man ca, o de la, dilanbagaw y’a daminɛ ka miiri u bɛ se ka min dilan a la, u labanna k’a ye ko nin plastiki sugu min bɛ se ka sumaya, ka kɛ dumunikɛminɛnw ye minnu sɔngɔ ka nɔgɔn, minnu bɛ dilan jamaba kɔnɔ.
A daminɛ na, Ameriki Siyanamidi min sigilen bɛ New Jersey, o tun ye melamini mugu dilanni ni a tilabaga ŋana dɔ ye plastiki baarakɛlaw la. U y’u ka melamine plastiki sɛbɛn jagokɛyɔrɔ taamasiyɛn “Melmac” kɔnɔ. Hali n’o fɛn in bɛ Kɛ fana ka watɛsi-kɛsu, tasuma-minɛnw ani minɛnw bololanɛgɛw Kɛ, a bɛ Kɛ kosɛbɛ tabali-minɛnw dilanni na.
Melamine tabali minɛnw tun bɛ kɛ kosɛbɛ diɲɛ kɛlɛba filanan waati la, wa u tun bɛ dilan kosɛbɛ sɔrɔdasiw, lakɔlisow ani dɔgɔtɔrɔsow kama. Ni nɛgɛw ni fɛn wɛrɛw dɛsɛlen don, plastiki kura bɛ jate sinifɛnw ye. A tɛ i n’a fɔ plastiki fɔlɔ tɔw i n’a fɔ Bakelite, melamine bɛ sabati kemikaliya siratigɛ la, wa a bɛ mɛn fo a bɛ se ka ko ni funteni muɲu tuma bɛɛ.
Kɛlɛ kɔfɛ, melamini tabali minɛnw donna so ba caman kɔnɔ ka caya. Gatlin y’a fɔ ko: “San 1940 waatiw la, melamini izini belebele saba tun bɛ yen, nka san 1950 waatiw la, a kɛra kɛmɛ caman ye. Melamini tobilikɛminɛn suguya minnu ka di kosɛbɛ, olu dɔw ye Branchell, Texas Ware, Lenox Ware, Prolon, Mar-crest, Boontonware ani Raffia Ware ye. .
Amerikiden miliyɔn caman jiginna dugu kɔkan, kɛlɛ kɔfɛ sɔrɔ yiriwali kɔfɛ, u ye melamine dumunikɛminɛnw san walasa u ka bɛn u ka so kuraw n’u ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo ma. Patio sigi kɛra hakilina kura ye min bɛ fɔ kosɛbɛ, wa denbayaw mago bɛ plastiki minɛnw na minnu sɔngɔ man gɛlɛn, minnu bɛ se ka taa kɛnɛma. Denmisɛnw ka bonya waati la, melamini tun ye fɛn ɲuman ye o waati la. Gatlin ko: “Tiɲɛ na, dumunifɛnw tɛ deli ka kɛ, wa i man kan k’i janto i yɛrɛ la.” “I bɛ se k’u fili!”
Piblisite minnu tun bɛ kɛ kabini o waati, olu tun bɛ Melmac tobilikɛminɛnw fɔ iko plastiki kabakoma min bɛ kɛ ka “ɲɛnamaya kɛ ni haminanko ye klasiki laadalakow la.” Branchell ka Color-Flyte layini piblisite wɛrɛ min kɛra san 1950 waatiw la, o y’a jira ko tobilikɛminɛnw “dafalen don ko u tɛna tigɛ, ka kari walima ka kari.” Kulɛri minnu bɛ fɔ kosɛbɛ olu ye pinki, bulu, turquoise, manje, jɛman ani fin ye, ni jateminɛcogo ɲɛnamaw ye falenfɛnw walima atomi cogo la.
Gatlin y’a fɔ ko: “San 1950w ka ɲɛtaa tun tɛ i n’a fɔ san tan tɔw. O waati jigiya bɛ ye nin dumuni ninnu kulɛriw ni u cogoya ɲɛnamaw la, a ko ten. Gatlin ko: “Melamine tabali minɛnw bɛ ni o siginiden ye san kɛmɛ cɛmancɛ jateminɛcogo bɛɛ la, i n’a fɔ daga nɔgɔlenw ani tasa bololanɛgɛ misɛnninw labɛnna, minnu b’a to a ɲɔgɔn tɛ yen.” Sannikɛlaw jijalen don u ka kulɛriw ɲagami ɲɔgɔn na walasa ka daɲɛw ni cogoya dɔ fara dekor kan. diya.
A yɔrɔ min ka fisa, o ye ko Melmac sɔngɔ ka nɔgɔn kosɛbɛ: mɔgɔ naani ka seti bɛ se dɔrɔmɛ 15 ɲɔgɔn ma san 1950 waatiw la, dɔrɔmɛ 175 ɲɔgɔn sisan. Gatlin ko: “U nafa tɛ. “I bɛ se ka fɛnw minɛ minnu bɛ taa ɲɛ ani k’i ka mɔgɔya jira tiɲɛ na bawo sugandi bɛ i bolo k’u bila u nɔ na san damadɔw kɔfɛ ani ka kulɛri kura sɔrɔ.”
Melamini tabali dilanni fana bɛ mɔgɔ kabakoya. Ameriki Cyanamid ye izini dilanbaga Russell Wright ta, min nana ni biɲɛdimi ye Ameriki tabali kan n’a ka American Modern tabali labɛncogo ye ka bɔ Steubenville Pottery Company la, walasa k’a ka maaɲɛ kɛ ni plastiki tabali minɛnw ye. Wright ye Melmac ka tabali labɛncogo dilan Northern Plastics Company ye, min ye Museum of Modern Art jaabi sɔrɔ dilancogo ɲuman na san 1953. O fɛnw lajɛlen min tɔgɔ ye ko “So” o tun ye Melmac ka fɛnw lajɛlenw dɔ ye minnu tun ka di kosɛbɛ san 1950 waatiw la.
San 1970 waatiw la, minɛnko minɛnw ni mikro kɛra fɛnba ye Ameriki dumunikɛyɔrɔw la, wa melamini tobilikɛminɛnw ma diya. San 1950 waatiw la kabako plastiki tun tɛ lakana ka kɛ tobilikɛminɛn fila bɛɛ la, wa a bilala Corelle nɔ na i n’a fɔ sugandili ɲuman don o don tobilikɛminɛnw na.
Nka, san 2000 daminɛ na, melamine ye fɛn kura sɔrɔ ka fara san kɛmɛ cɛmancɛ bi minɛnw kan. San 1950 waatiw seri fɔlɔ kɛra fɛnw dalajɛbagaw ka fɛnw ye ani melamine tabali labɛncogo kura dabɔra.
Yɛlɛma minnu donna melamine furakisɛ la ani a dilanni taabolo la, olu b’a to a tɛ se ka kɛ minɛnko la, wa a bɛ ɲɛnamaya kura di a ma. O waati kelen na, nafa min bɛ ka bonya sigida sabatili la, o y’a to melamini kɛra fɛn ye min ka di mɔgɔw ye, ka tɛmɛn tabali kan minnu bɛ kɛ siɲɛ kelen, minnu bɛ laban ka kɛ binkɛnɛ na, baara kɛlen kɔ siɲɛ kelen.
Nka, Ameriki dumuniko ni furako ɲɛmɔgɔso ka fɔ la, hali bi, melamini ma bɛn mikrowɛn sumaya ma, o bɛ dan sigi a seginni na, kɔrɔlen ni kura.
Gatlin y’a fɔ ko: “Nin nɔgɔya waati in na, n’a ni san 1950 waatiw la, nɔgɔya ɲɛfɔli tɛ kelen ye, a ka c’a la, o melamini dumunikɛminɛn kɔrɔw tɛ kɛ don o don.” Aw bɛ san 1950 dumunikɛminɛn minnu bɛ mɛn, aw bɛ olu furakɛ ni ladonni ye i n’a fɔ aw bɛna fɛn kɔrɔw furakɛ cogo min na. San kɛmɛ 21nan na, plastiki tasaw bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn nafamaw ye minnu bɛ se ka lajɛ, ani melamini kɔrɔw bɛ se ka kɛ china ɲuman ye.