Fɛnɲɛnɛmaw lafasali miiriya suguya caman bɛ hakilinata bilasirali nafamaw di walasa ka jiriw ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kɛcogo ɲɛfɔ, nka u ka kirayakuma jɔnjɔnw bɛ to ka kɔrɔbɔ. Yan, an ye baara kɛ ni tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min tɛ mɔgɔ bɔ mɔgɔ la walasa ka sigarɛti fanga dɔgɔyalen suguyaw ka metabolome sɛgɛsɛgɛ cogo labɛnnen na ka bɔ jiri kelen-kelenw na ka taa jamanadenw ni suguya minnu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ka surun, ani ka mass spectrometric feature theories caman baara minnu sinsinnen bɛ spectra compounds kan kunnafoniw kɔnɔ. Kalanbolo min bɛ kɛ ka lafasali ɲuman (OD) ni laɲini lamagacogo (MT) miiriyaw ka kirayakuma jɔnjɔnw kɔrɔbɔ. Fɛnɲɛnɛmaw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kunnafoni yɔrɔ bɛ bɛn OD miiriya ma, nka a bɛ MT miiriya ka kirayakuma kunba sɔsɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw sɛgɛsɛgɛli fanga kan min bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ. K’a ta mikro la ka se makɔrɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli ma, jasmonate taamasiyɛn jirala ko o de ye OD dantigɛlanba ye, k’a sɔrɔ etilɛni taamasiyɛn ye bindunnaw kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen jaabi labɛnni ɲuman di min ɲɛfɔra MS/MS molekiyɔmu rezo fɛ.
Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen minnu ka jɔcogo tɛ kelen ye, olu de ye jiriw ka ladamuni na sigida la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la juguw lafasali la (1). Fɛnɲɛnɛma kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen minnu bɛ sɔrɔ jiriw la, olu ka danfara kabakoma ye ɲinini kunbabaw lawuli san tan caman kɔnɔ a ka sigida baarakɛcogo caman kan, wa a ye jiriw lafasali miiriyaw lisɛli jan dɔ dilan, minnu ye jiriw ni fɛnɲɛnamaw ka jɛɲɔgɔnyaw jiginni ni sigida yiriwali ye. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu bɛ kɛ ni ko kɛlenw ye, olu bɛ bilasirali nafama di (2). Nka, o jiriw lafasali miiriyaw ma tugu hakilinata deductif hypothétique deducteur sira normatif sira fɛ, min kɔnɔ, kirayakuma jɔnjɔnw tun bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli hakɛ kelen na (3) wa u kɔrɔbɔra k’a lajɛ walasa ka teori yiriwali siratigɛ nata ɲɛ (4). Fɛɛrɛko dantigɛli bɛ kunnafoniw lajɛli dan farikolojɔli suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ma, wa u bɛ farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛɛ lajɛlen bɔ kɛnɛ kan, o la, kuluw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ danfara bɛ bali minnu nafa ka bon hakililata yiriwali la (5). Metabolomiki kunnafonidilanw bɛɛ lajɛlen sɔrɔbaliya ani wari kelen min bɛ se ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ yɔrɔ baarakɛcogo baaracogo suma jiri kuluw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, o bɛ foro in kɔgɔli bali dɔnniya siratigɛ la.
Yɛlɛma laban minnu kɛra tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) metabolomiki siratigɛ la, olu bɛ se ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ caman yeli jira ka ɲɛ sistɛmu klade dɔ suguya kɔnɔ ani u ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, wa u bɛ se ka fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni jatebɔ fɛɛrɛw ye walasa ka jatebɔ kɛ nin ɲagaminen gɛlɛnw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ sigicogo bɔɲɔgɔnko kan. Simi dɔnniya sɔrɔli ka kɔn o ɲɛ (5). Fɛɛrɛ kɔrɔw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni jatebɔ la, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka sigida wajibiyalen di walasa ka kirayakuma caman kɔrɔbɔli kuntaalajan kɛ, minnu kɛra ni farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman ye, minnu bɛ kɛ ni sigida ni fɛnɲɛnamayali miiriyaw ye. Shannon (6) ye kunnafoniko miiriya daminɛ a siɲɛ fɔlɔ la a ka barokunba kɔnɔ san 1948, ka kunnafoniko jatebɔ jatebɔ jusigilan sigi senkan, min kɛra baarakɛminɛn caman na n’o tɛ a kɛcogo fɔlɔ ye. Jɛnkulu la, kunnafoniko teori kɛra ka ɲɛ walasa ka kunnafoniw hakɛ jateminɛ minnu bɛ tugu ɲɔgɔn kɔ (7). Transkriptɔmi ɲininiw na, kunnafoniko miiriya bɛ fɛn bɛɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛ fɛn bɛɛ lajɛlen yeli ye transkriptɔmu kɔnɔ (8). Sɛgɛsɛgɛli tɛmɛnenw na, an ye kunnafoniko miiriya jateminɛcogo waleya fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw na walasa ka farikolojɔli dɔnniya ɲɛfɔ farikolo yɔrɔw hakɛ la jiriw la (9). Yan, an bɛ baarakɛcogo min sinsinnen bɛ MS/MS kan, o ni kunnafoniko miiriya jateminɛ hukumu fara ɲɔgɔn kan, min bɛ dɔn ni farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman ye wari kelen kɔnɔ, walasa ka jiriw lakanani miiriya ka fɔta kolomaw suma ɲɔgɔn na, n’o ye metabolome ye, min bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ.
A ka c’a la, jiriw lakanani hakilinata-jɛkuluw bɛ ɲɔgɔn Dòn, wa u bɛ Se ka Tla kulu fla ye: minnu b’a ɲini ka jiri kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw tilatilali ɲɛfɔ ka da lafasali baarakɛcogo kan, i n’a fɔ lafasali ɲuman (OD) (10), laɲini lamagacogo (MT) (11) ) Ani yecogo (12) miiriya, k’a sɔrɔ dɔw bɛ ɲɛfɔli kɛ masinw fɛ, fɛn minnu bɛ fɛn caman Changements dans les resources (12) olu bɛ nɔ bila jiriw la cogo min na bonya ni farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw dalajɛli, i n’a fɔ karɔbɔli: balofɛnw balansi hakilina (13), bonya hakɛ hakilina (14 ), ani bonya ni danfara balansi hakilina (15). Teori kulu fila ninnu bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli hakɛw la minnu tɛ kelen ye (4). Nka, hakilina fila minnu bɛ tali kɛ lafasali baara la baarakɛcogo siratigɛ la, olu de bɛ fanga sɔrɔ baro la jiriw ka lafasaliw kan minnu bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnw sigi senkan ani minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka lafasali kɛ: OD miiriya, min b’a miiri ko jiriw bɛ wari bila u ka lafasali kemikali sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw na dɔrɔn ni u mago bɛ u la, misali la, n’u minɛna Ni binkɛnɛ bagan dɔ binna, o la, ka kɛɲɛ ni binkanni nataw seko ye, lafasali baara bɛ kɛ yɔrɔ min na, o bɛ di (10) MT ka hakilina b’a jira ko fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw yeli siratigɛ la, aksidan tɛ yen, nka farikolojɔlifɛn bɛ Changé k’a sɔrɔ a ma kɛ cogo si la, o la, a bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka farikolojɔli “lamaga laɲini” bali ka bin bindunnaw kan. O kɔrɔ ye ko nin hakilina fila ninnu bɛ kirayakuma danfaralenw kɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ lasegincogo kan min bɛ kɛ bindunnaw ka binkanni kɔfɛ: jɛɲɔgɔnya min bɛ farikolojɔlifɛnw dalajɛli sira kelen fɛ ni lafasali baara (OD) ni farikoloɲɛnajɛ caman yeli ye minnu tɛ ɲɛ (MT) cɛ (11 ).
OD ni MT hakilinaw tɛ dan fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw yeli dɔrɔn ma, nka u bɛ tali kɛ fana o fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw dalajɛli kɔlɔlɔw la sigida ni fɛnɲɛnamayali la, i n’a fɔ o fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw dalajɛli musakaw ni u nafaw ladamuni na sigida kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ la (16). Hali ni hakilina fila bɛɛ bɛ farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka lafasali baara dɔn, o min bɛ se ka kɛ sɔngɔba ye walima a tɛ se ka kɛ sɔngɔ gɛlɛn ye, kirayakuma jɔnjɔn min bɛ OD ni MT hakilinaw danfara, o bɛ sɔrɔ farikolojɔli fɛn caman yeli siratigɛ la. OD teori ka kirayakuma de ye jateminɛ sɔrɔ min ka ca ni kɔrɔbɔli ye fo ka na se bi ma. O sɛgɛsɛgɛliw ye fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw farikolo yɔrɔw danfaralenw ka lafasali baara tilennenw walima tilennenbaliw kalanni ye jirisunw ni sigida cogoyaw la, ka fara jiriw yiriwali taabolo caman yeli kan (17-19). Nka, fo ka na se bi ma, k’a sababu kɛ baarakɛcogo ni jateminɛ kɛcogo dɔ tɛ yen min bɛ se ka diɲɛ kɔnɔ fɛnɲɛnama suguya bɛɛ ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman sɛgɛsɛgɛ, danfaraba min fɔra o hakilina fila ninnu cɛ (o kɔrɔ ye ko farikoloɲɛnajɛ fɛn caman yeli siratigɛ) o bɛ to ka kɔrɔbɔ. Yan, an bɛ o sɛgɛsɛgɛli sugu di.
Fɛnɲɛnɛma kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka farikolojɔlifɛnw jogo nafama dɔ ye u jɔcogo danfaraba ye sanfɛyɔrɔ bɛɛ la k’a ta jiri kelenw na, jamanadenw na ka se suguya kelenw ma (20). Yɛlɛma caman bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn caman yeli hakɛ la farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na jamanadenw hakɛ la, k’a sɔrɔ danfara barikamaw bɛ mara cogoya la a ka c’a la suguya ta fan fɛ (20). O la, jiriw ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman ye baarakɛcogo suguya caman ye, o bɛ ladamuni jira niyɔrɔw danfaralenw na, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, yɔrɔ minnu ka binkanni seko tɛ kelen ye fɛnɲɛnama kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw fɛ ani bindunnaw caman fɛ (21). Kabini Fraenkel (22) ka barokun ye dugukolo-yɔrɔ-ko ye jiri kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw sɔrɔli kunw kan, jɛɲɔgɔnya minnu bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnama suguya caman ye, olu jatera sugandili degun nafamaw ye, wa a dalen b’a la ko o jɛɲɔgɔnyaw de ye jiriw cogoya sɛnɛ waati la. Farikoloɲɛnajɛ sira (23). Danfara minnu bɛ suguyaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw suguya caman na, olu fana bɛ se ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ balansi jira min bɛ tali kɛ jiriw lafasali la min bɛ kɛ ni binkɛnɛfɛnw ye, bawo a ka c’a la, suguya fila ninnu bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na cogo jugu la (24). Hali n’a bɛ se ka kɛ ko nafa bɛ a la ka lafasali ɲuman mara waati bɛɛ, farikoloɲɛnajɛ caman yeli waati bɛnnen na minnu bɛ tali kɛ lafasali la, olu bɛ nafa jɛlenw di walasa ka jiriw bila ka nafolo nafamaw bila farikoloɲɛnajɛ wɛrɛw la (19, 24), ani ka u yɛrɛ tanga jɛɲɔgɔnya ma. Tiɲɛni min bɛ kɛ ni kolateral ye (25). Ka fara o kan, nin farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw labɛncogo kura minnu bɛ sɔrɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw ka binkɛnɛ dunbagaw fɛ, olu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka tiɲɛni kɛ jamana kɔnɔ (26), wa u bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛn caman kalanni tilennenw jira, minnu bɛ fɛn caman Changements naturels caman kɛ asidi jasmoniki (JA) taamasiɲɛ na, minnu bɛ se ka mara jamana kɔnɔ. JA taamasiɲɛ minnu ka bon ni minnu ka dɔgɔ, olu ye jago ye binkɛnɛw lafasali ni ɲɔgɔndan ni suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw cɛ (27). Ka fara o kan, farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw biyosintɛzi siraw bɛna bɔnɛ teliya la ani ka fɛn caman tigɛli sɔrɔ jiginni waati, o bɛ na ni farikoloɲɛnajɛ tilatilali ye yɔrɔnin kelen na suguya minnu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ka surun (28). O fɛn caman ɲɔgɔnna caman bɛ se ka sigi sen kan joona ka kɛɲɛ ni bindunnaw cogoya caman yeli ye (29), o kɔrɔ ye ko bindunnaw ka jɛkuluw jiginni ye fɛnba ye min bɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ caman kɛ.
Yan, an ye nin gɛlɛya ninnu ɲɛnabɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la. (I) Bin dunbaa fɛnɲɛnama bɛ jiriw ka metabolome labɛn kokura cogo di? (Ii) Farikoloɲɛnajɛ plastiki kunnafoni yɔrɔ koloma jumɛnw ye jumɛnw ye minnu bɛ se ka jate walasa ka lafasali kuntaalajan miiriya ka kirayakumaw kɔrɔbɔ? . . O kama, an ye sigarɛti nikotini buluw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw sɛgɛsɛgɛ cogo labɛnnen na, o ye jiri ye min bɛ se ka kɛ sigida lamini na, min ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen nafama don, wa a bɛ se ka binkɛnɛ dunbaga fila ka wuluw kɛlɛ, n’olu ye Lepidoptera Datura (Ms) ( A bɛ kɛlɛ kosɛbɛ, a bɛ dun kosɛbɛ) Solanaceae ni Spodoptera littoralis (Sl) kan, cotton leaf worms are a kind of “genus”, ni Solanaceae jatigila jiriw ye ani jatigila wɛrɛw jamu ni denbaya wɛrɛw Jiri dumuni. An ye MS/MS metabolomiki spektrum sɛgɛsɛgɛ ani ka kunnafoniko teori jateminɛ ɲɛfɔlifɛnw bɔ walasa ka OD ni MT teoriw suma ɲɔgɔn na. Aw bɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya karitiw dilan walasa ka farikolojɔlifɛn kolomaw danfara jira. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli in kɛra ka ɲɛsin N. nasi jamanadenw ma ani sigarɛti suguya minnu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ka surun walasa ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ka taa a fɛ jiriw ka ɔrimɔni taamasiɲɛw ni OD induction cɛ.
Walasa ka karti bɛɛ lajɛlen minɛ binkɛnɛ dunna sigarɛti buluw ka metabolome plastiki n’a jɔcogo kan, an ye baara kɛ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni jatebɔ baarakɛcogo ye min labɛnna ka tɛmɛ walasa ka kunnafonidilanw lajɛ ani k’u deconvolute ka ɲɛ, minnu tɛ MS/MS spectres yɛrɛmahɔrɔnyalenw ye ka bɔ jiriw bɔlenw na ( 9). O fɛɛrɛ danfaralen in (min bɛ wele ko MS/MS) bɛ se ka spekterw dilan minnu tɛ redundant ye, minnu bɛ se ka kɛ o kɔfɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw hakɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛliw bɛɛ la minnu ɲɛfɔlen don yan. O jiriw ka farikolojɔlifɛn minnu ma sɔgɔsɔgɔ, olu ye suguya caman ye, u bɛ Kɛ fɛnɲɛnɛma kɛmɛ caman fo ba caman ye (500-1000-s/MS/MS ɲɔgɔn yan). Yan, an bɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ plastiki jateminɛ kunnafoniko miiriya hukumu kɔnɔ, ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan suguya caman n’a baarakɛcogo hakɛ jateminɛ ka da farikoloɲɛnajɛ caman tilatilali Shannon entropi kan. An kɛlen ka baara kɛ ni formula (8) ye min tun bɛ waleya ka tɛmɛ, an ye jatebɔ kɛ taamasiyɛnw kulu dɔ kan minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan suguya caman hakɛ jateminɛ (Hj jiralan), farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen (δj jiralan) ani farikolojɔlifɛn kelen ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen (Si jiralan) Ka fara o kan, an ye Relative Distance Plasticity Index (RDPI) kɛ ka binkɛnɛ dunbagaw ka metabolome inducibility hakɛ jateminɛ (Ja 1A) (30). O jatebɔ hukumu kɔnɔ, an bɛ MS/MS spektrum minɛ i n’a fɔ kunnafonisɛbɛn jɔnjɔn, ka MS/MS caya danfaralen baara ka kɛ frequency distribution map ye, ka sɔrɔ ka Shannon entropy kɛ ka metabolome suguya jateminɛ ka bɔ a la. Metabolome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya bɛ suman ni MS/MS spektrum kelen ka kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya cɛmancɛ ye. O la, MS/MS suguya dɔw caya caya binkɛnɛ dunbagaw bilali kɔfɛ, o bɛ wuli ka kɛ spektral inducibility, RDPI ani specialisation ye, o kɔrɔ ye ko δj index caya, bawo metabolite kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen caman bɛ bɔ ani Si index caman bɛ sɔrɔ. Hj danfara jiralan jigincogo b’a jira ko MS/MS sɔrɔlenw hakɛ bɛ dɔgɔya, walima ko profil frequency distribution bɛ Changé cogo la min tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ, k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ dɔ bɔ a ka dannayabaliya bɛɛ lajɛlen na. Si index jatebɔ fɛ, a bɛ se ka kɛ k’a jira ko MS/MS minnu bɛ lawuli binkɛnɛ dɔw fɛ, o kɔfɛ, MS/MS minnu tɛ jaabi di induction ma, o min ye taamasiyɛn jɔnjɔn ye walasa ka MT ni OD kirayakuma danfara.
(A) Jateminɛ ɲɛfɔbagaw minnu bɛ kɛ bindunnaw (H1 ka se Hx) MS/MS kunnafonidilan (RDPI), suguya caman (Hj index), kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya (δj index) ani farikolojɔlifɛnw kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya (Si index) la. Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya hakɛ cayalenba (δj) b’a jira ko, ni a kɛra cogo o cogo, binkɛnɛ dunbaga kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɛna bɔ, k’a sɔrɔ suguya caman dɔgɔyali (Hj) b’a jira ko farikolojɔlifɛnw bɔli dɔgɔyara walima farikolojɔlifɛnw tilatilali cogo bɛnbali la tilali karti kɔnɔ Si hakɛ bɛ jateminɛ kɛ ni farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen don cogoya dɔ la (yan, binkɛnɛma) walima ni a kɔfɛ, a maralen bɛ o hakɛ kelen na. (B) Lafasali miiriya kirayakuma hakilinata ja min bɛ baara kɛ ni kunnafoni teori aksidan ye. OD ka miiriya b’a jira ko bindunnaw ka binkanni bɛna dɔ fara lafasalifɛnw kan, o la, δj bɛna caya. O waati kelen na, Hj bɛ dɔgɔya barisa ɲɛfɔli bɛ labɛn kokura ka taa farikoloɲɛnajɛ kunnafoniw dannayabaliya dɔgɔyali la. MT ka miiriya b’a jira ko bindunnaw ka binkanni bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka fɛn caman Changements non directionnels (Yɛlɛma) kɛ metabolome la, o la, Hj bɛna caya i n’a fɔ farikoloɲɛnajɛ kunnafoniw dannayabaliya caya jiralan ani ka kɛ sababu ye ka Si tila-tila k’a sɔrɔ a ma kɛ cogo si la. An ye misali ɲagaminen dɔ fana labɛn, n’o ye MT ɲuman ye, min kɔnɔ, farikolojɔlifɛn dɔw minnu ka lafasali nafa ka bon, olu bɛna caya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la (Si hakɛ caman), k’a sɔrɔ dɔw bɛ jaabi gansanw jira (Si hakɛ min ka dɔgɔ).
Ni an bɛ baara kɛ ni kunnafonidi miiriya ɲɛfɔbagaw ye, an bɛ OD miiriya kɔrɔ fɔ walasa k’a fɔ ko bindunnaw ka fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw yeli fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw yeli la cogo la min ma kɛ, o bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka (i) dɔ fara farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kan (Si index) min bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bila senkan (δj index) Ka caya) fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kulu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔw la minnu ka lafasali nafa ka bon, ani (ii) farikolojɔlifɛn suguya caman dɔgɔyali (Hj index) ka da farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛcogo caman tilatilali caman cili kan ka kɛ lɛptini farikolo tilatilali caman ye. Fɛnɲɛnɛma kelen hakɛ la, Si tilatilali sigilen bɛ makɔnɔ, yɔrɔ min na fɛnɲɛnamafagalan bɛna dɔ fara Si hakɛ kan ka kɛɲɛ n’a lafasali nafa ye (Jaa 1B). O sira in kan, an bɛ MT miiriya ɲɛfɔ walasa k’a fɔ ko nisɔndiya bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka (i) fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw caman cili kɛ minnu tɛ sira kan, o bɛ na ni δj hakɛ dɔgɔyali ye, ani (ii) Hj hakɛ caya ka da farikoloɲɛnajɛko dankarili caya kan. Walima k’a sɔrɔ a ma kɛ cogo si la, min bɛ se ka jate ni Shannon entropy ye min bɛ kɛ ni danfara caman ye. Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw cogoya ta fan fɛ, MT miiriya bɛna Si tilatilali k’a sɔrɔ a ma kɛ cogo si la. Ni an y’a jateminɛ ko farikolojɔlifɛn dɔw bɛ cogoya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na cogoya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na, wa ko wɛrɛw tɛ cogoya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na, wa u lafasali nafa bɛ bɔ sigida la, an ye lafasali misali ɲagaminen dɔ fana labɛn, min kɔnɔ δj ni Hj bɛ tila fila ye Si kɛrɛfɛ fan bɛɛ fɛ, farikolojɔlifɛn kulu dɔw dɔrɔn, minnu ka lafasali nafa ka bon, olu bɛna dɔ fara Si kan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, k’a sɔrɔ dɔw bɛna kɛ ni danfaralan ye jɛnsɛnni (Jaa 1B).
Walasa ka lafasali miiriya fɔcogo ɲɛfɔlen kura kɔrɔbɔ kunnafoniko miiriya ɲɛfɔbaga ka aksidan kan, an ye binkɛnɛ dunbaga dɔnnikɛla (Ms) walima jenerali (Sl) wuluw lamɔ Nepenthes pallens buluw kan (Ja 2A). Ni an ye MS/MS sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ, an ye MS/MS spectres 599 sɔrɔ minnu tɛ redundant ye (data file S1) ka bɔ furabuluw la mɛtanɔli bɔlenw na minnu lajɛra wuluw baloli kɔfɛ. Baara kɛli ni RDPI, Hj ani δj index ye walasa ka kunnafoni kɔnɔkow labɛncogo kura jira MS/MS labɛncogo dosiyew kɔnɔ, o bɛ misali nafamaw jira (Ja 2B). Fɛn bɛɛ lajɛlen taabolo ye ko, i n’a fɔ kunnafoni ɲɛfɔbaga y’a ɲɛfɔ cogo min na, ni wuluw bɛ taa a fɛ ka furabuluw dun, farikoloɲɛnajɛ bɛɛ labɛncogo kura hakɛ bɛ bonya waati kɔnɔ: sanga 72 binkɛnɛ dunbaga ka dumuni kɛlen kɔfɛ, RDPI bɛ bonya kosɛbɛ. Ni an y’a suma ni kɔrɔsili min ma tiɲɛ, Hj dɔgɔyara kosɛbɛ, o sababu bɔra farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen hakɛ cayalenba la, o min hakɛ jateminɛna ni δj index ye. Nin ŋaniya min bɛ ye, o bɛ bɛn OD miiriya ka fɔtaw ma, nka a tɛ bɛn MT miiriya ka fɔtaw kunbabaw ma, o min dalen b’a la ko fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw hakɛ caman yeli k’a sɔrɔ u ma kɛ k’a sɔrɔ u ma kɛ cogo si la (Jaa 1B). Hali n’a y’a sɔrɔ nin bindunnaw fila ninnu ka da kɔnɔ bɔli (OS) elisitɛri kɔnɔfɛnw ni u balocogo tɛ kelen ye, u balocogo tilennen kɛra sababu ye ka fɛn kelenw Changer Hj ni δj siraw la sanga 24 ni sanga 72 suman tigɛ waatiw la. Danfara kelen de kɛra RDPI la sanga 72 kɔnɔ. Ni an y’a suma ni Ms baloli sababu ye, farikoloɲɛnajɛ bɛɛ lajɛlen min bɛ sɔrɔ Sl baloli fɛ, o tun ka ca.
. S1 (W + OSSl) wuluw walima ji (W + W). Kɔlɔsili (C) ye furabulu ye min ma tiɲɛ. (B) Inducibility (RDPI ni a bɛ tali kɛ control chart), diversité (Hj index) ani specialisation (δj index) index jatebɔlen metabolite karti kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen kama (599 MS/MS; data file S1). Dolow bɛ danfaraba jira bindunnaw baloli tilennen ni kɔrɔsili kulu cɛ (Kalandenw ka t-test ni t-test fila-fila, *P<0.05 ani ***P<0.001). ns, nafa tɛ. (C) Waati jateminɛ index de main (kɛsu bulu, asidi amini, asidi organique ani sukaro; data file S2) ani metabolite spectrum kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen (kɛsu bilenman 443 MS/MS; data file S1) furakɛli simulated herbivory kɔfɛ. Kulɛri bandi bɛ tali kɛ 95% dannaya cɛmancɛ la. Dolow bɛ danfaraba jira furakɛli ni kɔrɔsili cɛ [quadratic analysis of variance (ANOVA), o kɔfɛ Tukey ka danfaraba bɛ sɔrɔ tiɲɛ na (HSD) ka ɲɛsin ɲɔgɔndan caman ma kɔfɛ, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 Ani *** P <0.001 (D) Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, jɛnsɛnni yɔrɔw ni farikolojɔlifɛnw kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw (sɛgɛsɛgɛli segin-seginlenw ni furakɛli suguya wɛrɛw).
Walasa k’a dɔn ni bindunnaw ka fɛnkurabɔli min bɛ kɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw hakɛ la, o bɛ ye fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalan kelen-kelen bɛɛ hakɛ caman yeli la, an y’an sinsin fɔlɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kan minnu sɛgɛsɛgɛra ka tɛmɛ Nepenthes pallens buluw la, binkɛnɛdunnaw ka se ka kɛlɛ min sɛgɛsɛgɛra. Fenɔli amidiw ye hidroksisinimamidi ni poliyamini faralen ye ɲɔgɔn kan minnu bɛ lajɛ fɛnɲɛnamaw ka binkɛnɛ dunni waati la, wa a dɔnna ko u bɛ dɔ bɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw ka baara la (32). An ye MS/MS bɛnninw ɲɛbilaw ɲini k’u ka kurufew dalajɛlenw jatebɔ (Ja S1). Kabako t’a la, fenɔli bɔlen minnu tɛ binkɛnɛw tangacogo la, i n’a fɔ asidi kulorozɛni (CGA) ani rutin, olu bɛ jigin binkɛnɛ dunni kɔfɛ. O ni binkɛnɛ dunbagaw tɛ kelen ye, u bɛ se ka fenɔli amidiw kɛ fanga ye kosɛbɛ. Bin dunbaga fila ninnu baloli banbali kɛra sababu ye ka fenɔlamidiw ka wulicogo kelen sɔrɔ, wa o cogoya in tun jɛlen don kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la fenolamidiw dilanni de novo la. O ko kelen in bɛna ye ni 17-hydroxygeranyl nonanediol diterpene glycosides (17-HGL-DTGs) sira sɛgɛsɛgɛra, o min bɛ diterpenes asikiliki caman dilan minnu bɛ binkɛnɛ kɛlɛli baara ɲumanw kɛ (33), minnu na Ms Feeding with Sl ye o ɲɔgɔnna jiracogo dɔ daminɛ (Ja S1)).
Nafa min bɛ se ka sɔrɔ bindunnaw balocogo tilennenw na, o ye binkɛnɛ dunbagaw ka furabulu dunta hakɛ ni u balo waati danfara ye, o min b’a to a ka gɛlɛn ka binkɛnɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw nɔ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ joginda ni bindunnaw fɛ, olu ban. Walasa ka furabuluw ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ jaabi min bɛ sɔrɔ, o ka bindunnaw suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ɲɛnabɔ ka ɲɛ, an ye Ms ni Sl wuluw balocogo simulatigɛ ni OS lajɛlen kura (OSM ni OSS1) kɛli ye teliya la puncture W standard kan, n’o ye furabulu jɔyɔrɔw ye minnu bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma. O kɛcogo in bɛ wele ko W + OS furakɛli, wa a bɛ induction (daminɛ) kɛcogo kɛ cogo la min bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka binkɛnɛ dunbaga ye jaabi min sɔrɔ, o daminɛ waati tigitigi k’a sɔrɔ a ma kɛ sababu ye ka danfara don farikolo yɔrɔw bɔnɛ hakɛ walima u hakɛ la (Jaa 2A) (34). Baara kɛli ni MS/MS sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni jatebɔ pibiliki ye, an ye MS/MS spekter 443 sɔrɔ (data file S1), minnu bɛ tali kɛ spekterw la minnu lajɛra ka kɔrɔ ka bɔ balo tilennenw kɔlɔsili la. Nin MS/MS kunnafonidilan in kunnafoniko miiriya sɛgɛsɛgɛli y’a jira ko furabulu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka metabolomu porogaramu seginni ni bindunnaw simulatigɛ ye, o ye OS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka dusudonw jira (Ja 2C). Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, ni i ye a suma ni OSS1 furakɛli ye, OSM ye dɔ fara metabolome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la sanga 4 kɔnɔ. A ka kan ka kɔlɔsi ko n’i y’a suma ni bindunnaw balocogo tilennen ye k’a lajɛ kunnafonidilanw na, farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛcogo minnu jiralen don yɔrɔ fila la ni Hj ni δj ye i n’a fɔ koordinatɛriw ani fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya siratigɛ la ka kɛɲɛ ni bindunnaw furakɛli simulatigɛlen ye waati kɔnɔ Dɔ farali bɛ kɛ cogo kelen na (Jaa 2D). O waati kelen na, an ye asidi aminikiw, asidi organiquew ani sukaro kɔnɔfɛnw hakɛ jateminɛ (data file S2) walasa k’a sɛgɛsɛgɛ ni nin dɔ farali laɲinilen in min kɛra metabolome dɔnniya la, o sababu bɔra cɛmancɛ karɔbɔli fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw labɛncogo kura la ka kɛɲɛ ni bindunnaw simulatigɛlenw jaabi ye ( Jaa S2). Walasa ka nin cogoya in ɲɛfɔ ka ɲɛ, an ye fenolamidi ni 17-HGL-DTG sira minnu kofɔra ka tɛmɛ, olu ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ dalajɛcogo kɔlɔsi ka taa a fɛ. Bin dunbagaw ka OS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen induction bɛ wuli ka kɛ diferential rearrangement pattern ye fenolamide metabolism kɔnɔ (Jaa S3). Fenɔli amidi minnu kɔnɔ kumarini ni kafeyɔli yɔrɔw bɛ sɔrɔ, olu ka fisa ka kɛ OSS1 fɛ, ka sɔrɔ OSMw bɛ ferulili konjugu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bilali daminɛ. 17-HGL-DTG sira ta fan fɛ, OS induction différentielle ni malonylasiyɔn ni dimalonylation sɔrɔlenw ye duguma, o sɔrɔla (Jaa S3).
O kɔfɛ, an ye OS-induite transcriptome plasticity sɛgɛsɛgɛ ni waati-taama microarray data set ye, min bɛ OSMw baaracogo ladege walasa ka roseti jiribuluw buluw furakɛ bindunnaw la. Sampling kinetics bɛ ɲɔgɔn dafa kosɛbɛ ni kinetiki ye min bɛ kɛ nin metabolomiki kalan in na (35). Ni an y’a suma ni metabolome reconfiguration ye min kɔnɔ metabolic plasticity bɛ bonya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la waati kɔnɔ, an bɛ transient transcription bursts kɔlɔsi furabuluw la minnu bɛ sɔrɔ Ms fɛ, yɔrɔ min na transcriptome inducibility (RDPI) ani specialisation (δj) bɛ 1 Dɔgɔyaliba kɛra lɛrɛw la, ani diversity (Hj) nin waati in na, BMP1 jirali dɔgɔyara kosɛbɛ, o kɔfɛ, relaxation ka transcriptome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la (Jaa S4). Fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ka jɛnɛya denbayaw (i n’a fɔ P450, glycosyltransferase ani BAHD acyltransferase) bɛ u sen don farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw lajɛli la ka bɔ jɔcogo yɔrɔw la minnu bɛ bɔ farikoloɲɛnajɛ fɔlɔ la, ka tugu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, misali fɔlɔ min kofɔra ka tɛmɛ. I n’a fɔ ko kɛlen dɔ, fenilalanini sira sɛgɛsɛgɛra. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli in y’a jira ko fenolamidi farikoloɲɛnajɛ la, jɛnɛya jɔnjɔnw bɛ OS sɔrɔ kosɛbɛ bindunnaw la ni i y’u suma ni jiriw ye minnu ma sama, wa u bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma kosɛbɛ u jiracogo la. Transcription facteur MYB8 ani structurel genes PAL1, PAL2, C4H ani 4CL min bɛ nin sira in sanfɛ, olu ye transcription daminɛ joona jira. Asilitransferazi minnu jɔyɔrɔ ka bon fenolamidi lajɛ laban na, i n’a fɔ AT1, DH29 ani CV86, olu bɛ wulicogo jan jira (Jaa S4). Kɔlɔsili minnu kɛra sanfɛ, olu b’a jira ko transcriptome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya daminɛni joona ani metabolomiki kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya bonya kɔfɛ, o ye cogoya jɛlen ye, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka kɛɲɛ ni sigikafɔ kɛcogo sinkɔrɔn ye min bɛ lafasali jaabi barikama daminɛ.
Jiriw ka ɔrimɔni taamasiɲɛw labɛncogo kura bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ sariyasunba min bɛ binkɛnɛfɛnw kunnafoniw fara ɲɔgɔn kan walasa ka jiriw farikololabɔli porogaramu kokura. Bin dunbagaw simulatigɛ kɔfɛ, an ye jiriw ka ɔrimɔni suguya jɔnjɔnw ka fanga dalajɛlen suman ani ka waati kɔnɔna na ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ jira u ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ [Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC)> 0,4] (Ja 3A). I n’a fɔ a tun bɛ fɔ cogo min na, jiriw ka ɔrimɔni minnu bɛ tali kɛ biyosintɛzi la, olu bɛ tali kɛ jiriw ka ɔrimɔni co-expression network kɔnɔ. Ka fara o kan, farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya (Si index) bɛ kariti kɛ nin rezo in na walasa ka jiriw ka ɔrimɔni jira minnu bɛ sɔrɔ furakɛli suguya wɛrɛw fɛ. Bin dunbagaw ka jaabi kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen yɔrɔba fila jalen don: kelen bɛ JA kulu kɔnɔ, JA (a ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo JA-Ile) ani JA bɔlen wɛrɛw bɛ Si hakɛ caman jira yɔrɔ min na tɔ kelen ye etilɛni (ET) ye. Gibɛrilini ye dɔ farali danma dɔrɔn jira bindunnaw kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, k’a sɔrɔ jiriw ka ɔrimɔni wɛrɛw, i n’a fɔ sitokini, ɔkisizɛni ani asidi absisiki, olu ka induction kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya tun ka dɔgɔn bindunnaw ma. Ni an y’a suma ni W + W dɔrɔn baara ye, JA bɔlenw nafa kuncɛlen bonya OS baarakɛminɛn (W + OS) fɛ, o bɛ se ka wuli kosɛbɛ ka kɛ JAw taamasiyɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen barikama ye. A ma miiri min na, OSM ni OSS1 minnu ka elisitɛri hakɛ tɛ kelen ye, a dɔnna ko olu bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka JA ni JA-Ile dalajɛ cogo kelen na. OSS1 ni OSS1 tɛ kelen ye, OSM bɛ lawuli kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ani a barika ka bon OSMw fɛ, ka sɔrɔ OSS1 tɛ basigi joginda jaabi bonya (Jaa 3B).
(A) Co-expression network analysis min sinsinnen bɛ PCC jatebɔ kan, min bɛ kɛ binkɛnɛ dunbagaw ka jiriw ka ɔrimɔni dalajɛli kinetiki simulation kan. Node bɛ jiriw ka ɔrimɔni kelen jira, ani node bonya bɛ Si index kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen jira jiriw ka ɔrimɔni na furakɛliw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. (B) JA, JA-Ile ani ET dalajɛli furabuluw la min bɛ sɔrɔ furakɛli suguya wɛrɛw fɛ minnu jiralen don ni kulɛri suguya wɛrɛw ye: apirikidi, W + OSM; bulu, W + OSSl ye; nɛrɛmuguma, W + W; gris, C (kunnafoni) . Dolow bɛ danfaraba jira furakɛli ni kɔrɔsili cɛ (ANOVA sira fila bɛ tugu ɲɔgɔn kɔ ni Tukey HSD post hoc multiple comparison ye, *** P <0.001). Kunnafoni teori sɛgɛsɛgɛli (C)697 MS/MS (donanw ka dosiye S1) kan JA biyosintɛzi la ani faamuyali spektrum nafama (irAOC ni irCOI1) ani (D)585 MS/MS (donan dosiye S1) ETR1 kɔnɔ ni ET taamasiɲɛ tiɲɛni ye Bin dunbagaw furakɛli simulatigɛlen fila ye jiriw layiniw ni bolifɛn lankolonw (EV) kɔlɔsili jiriw daminɛ. Dolow bɛ danfaraba jira W+OS furakɛli ni kɔrɔsili min ma tiɲɛ (ANOVA sira fila fɛ, o kɔfɛ Tukey HSD post hoc multiple comparison, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 ani ***P<0.001). (E) Jateminɛ jɛnsɛnnenw minnu bɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la kɛlɛli jɛnsɛnnenw jira. Kulɛriw bɛ suguya wɛrɛw jira minnu jiginna u ka jamu la; taamasiyɛnw bɛ furakɛli kɛcogo wɛrɛw jira : kɛrɛ saba, W + OSS1; kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen, W + OSM; sɛrɛkili C
O kɔfɛ, an bɛ baara kɛ ni Nepenthes attenuated (irCOI1 ani sETR1) suguya dɔ ye min sɛgɛsɛgɛra jamu siratigɛ la JA ni ET biyosintɛzi (irAOC ni irACO) ni faamuyali (irCOI1 ani sETR1) taabolo jɔnjɔnw na walasa ka nin jiriw ka ɔrimɔni fila ninnu ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛ binkɛnɛfɛnw kan The relative contribution of reprogramming. Ka bɛn ni kɔrɔbɔli tɛmɛnenw ye, an ye bindunnaw-OS bilali dafa jiri lankolonw na minnu bɛ taa ni u ye (EV) (Ja 3, C ka se D ma) ani Hj hakɛ bɛɛ lajɛlen dɔgɔyali min sababu bɔra OSM fɛ, k’a sɔrɔ δj hakɛ cayara. Jaabi bɛ ye ka tɛmɛ jaabi kan min bɛ daminɛ OSS1 fɛ. Jaa fila-fila min bɛ Hj ni δj kɛ i n’a fɔ koordinatɛriw, o bɛ deregulasiyɔn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen jira (Jaa 3E). Fɛn min ka ca ni tɔw bɛɛ ye, o ye ko JA taamasiɲɛ tɛ suguya minnu na, metabolomu suguya caman ni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya caman yeli minnu bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ, olu bɛ ɲini ka ban pewu (Jaa 3C). O ni ET faamuyali makunlen sETR1 jiriw la, hali ni a bɛɛ lajɛlen nɔ min bɛ binkɛnɛ dunnaw ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ yeli la, o ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ JA taamasiɲɛw kan, o bɛ danfara dɔgɔya Hj ni δj indisew la OSM ni OSS1 wulicogo cɛ (Ja 3D ani Jaa S5). . O b’a jira ko ka fara JA taamasiɲɛw cili baara koloma kan, ET taamasiɲɛw cili fana bɛ kɛ bindunnaw ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ jaabi suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw sɛgɛsɛgɛli ɲuman ye. Ka bɛn ni nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli ɲuman baara in ye, fɛn ma Changé metabolome inducibility bɛɛ lajɛlen na sETR1 jiriw la. Faan wɛrɛ fɛ, n’i y’a suma ni sETR1 jiriw ye, irACO jiriw ye farikoloɲɛnajɛ camanba camanba ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ, nka u ye Hj ni δj hakɛw jira minnu tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ OSM ni OSS1 gɛlɛyaw cɛ (Jaa S5).
Walasa ka farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw dɔn minnu bɛ dɛmɛ nafama don bindunnaw ka jaabi suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na ani k’u dilanni ɲɛnabɔ ka ɲɛ ET taamasiɲɛw fɛ, an ye baara kɛ ni MS/MS sigicogo fɛɛrɛ ye min labɛnna ka tɛmɛ. Nin fɛɛrɛ in bɛ tali kɛ bi-clustering fɛɛrɛ la walasa ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ denbaya jateminɛ kokura ka bɔ MS/MS yɔrɔw la [normalized dot product (NDP)] ani ɲɔgɔndan hakɛ min sinsinnen bɛ neutral loss (NL) kan. MS/MS kunnafonidilan min jɔra ET fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw sɛgɛsɛgɛli fɛ, o ye MS/MS 585 dilan (data file S1), o min ɲɛnabɔra ni u faralen ye ɲɔgɔn kan ka kɛ MS/MS modulu kunbaba wolonwula ye (M) (Ja 4A) O modulu dɔw falen don kosɛbɛ ni farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye minnu tun bɛ dɔn ka kɔrɔ: misali la, M1, M2, M3, M4 ani M7 nafa ka bon fenɔli bɔlen suguya caman na (M1), flavonoïde glycosides (M2), asili sukaro (M3 Ani M4), ani 17-HGL-DTG (M7). Ka fara o kan, farikolojɔlifɛn kelen ka kunnafoni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw (Si index) bɛ jate modulu kelen-kelen bɛɛ kɔnɔ, wa a Si tilatilali bɛ se ka ye ni hakili ye. Kuma surun na, MS/MS spekter minnu bɛ binkɛnɛ ni jamu suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen jira, olu bɛ dɔn ni Si hakɛ caman ye, wa kurtosis jateminɛw bɛ wuluw tilatilali jira kininbolo kɔkili la. O kolosinsinnanw tilatilali kelen sɔrɔla M1 la, o min na fenɔli amidi ye Si tilayɔrɔba jira (Jaa 4B). Bin dunbaa inducible 17-HGL-DTG min kofɔra ka tɛmɛ M7 kɔnɔ, o ye Si hakɛ danmadɔ jira, o b’a jira ko danfara labɛnni hakɛ danmadɔ bɛ OS suguya fila ninnu cɛ. O ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw minnu bɛ sɔrɔ cogoya la, olu fanba, i n’a fɔ rutin, CGA ani asili sukaro, olu bɛ Si hakɛ dɔgɔmanw cɛma. Walasa ka sigida ka gɛlɛya ni Si tilatilali sɛgɛsɛgɛ ka ɲɛ farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, molekiyɔmu rezo dɔ jɔra modulu kelen-kelen bɛɛ kama (Ja 4B). OD miiriya ka kirayakuma nafama dɔ (min lajɛlen bɛ ja 1B kɔnɔ) o ye ko farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw labɛncogo kura bindunna kɔfɛ, o ka kan ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw caman yeli sira kelen fɛ, minnu ka lafasali nafa ka bon, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, ni dɔ farala u kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya kan (ka fara u tilatilali kan k’a sɔrɔ a ma kɛ cogo si la) Mode) Fɛnɲɛnamafagalan lafasali min fɔra MT miiriya fɛ. Fenɔli bɔlen minnu bɛ dalajɛ M1 la, olu fanba bɛ tali kɛ fɛnɲɛnamaw ka baarakɛcogo dɔgɔyali la baarakɛcogo la (32). Ni an ye Si hakɛw suma ɲɔgɔn na M1 fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw na EV kɔrɔsili jiriw buluw ni u kɔnɔfɛnw cɛ sanga 24 kɔnɔ, an y’a ye ko farikolojɔlifɛn caman ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la binkɛnɛfɛnw kɔfɛ, o bɛ caya kosɛbɛ (Jaa 4C). Si hakɛ caya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen sɔrɔla fenolamidi lafasaliw dɔrɔn de la, nka Si hakɛ cayalenba ma sɔrɔ fenɔli wɛrɛw la ani farikolojɔlifɛn dɔnbaliw la minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ nin modulu in kɔnɔ. Nin ye misali kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye, min bɛ tali kɛ OD miiriya la. Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw yeli minnu bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ, olu fɔcogo kunbabaw bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma. Walasa k’a lajɛ ni fenolamidi spektrum kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen in sababu bɔra OS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ET fɛ, an ye metabolite Si index jatebɔ ani ka kɛ sababu ye ka danfara jiracogo nafa sɔrɔ OSM ni OSS1 cɛ EV ni sETR1 jamu suguyaw la (Ja 4D ). sETR1 kɔnɔ, danfara min bɛ sɔrɔ fenamidi fɛ OSM ni OSS1 cɛ, o dɔgɔyara kosɛbɛ. Bi-clustering fɛɛrɛ fana kɛra MS/MS kunnafoniw kan minnu lajɛra suguyaw la minnu JA tɛ se ka kɛ walasa ka MS/MS modulu kunbabaw jateminɛ minnu ɲɛsinnen bɛ JA-regulated metabolic specialization ma (Ja S6).
. Module kelen-kelen bɛɛ kɛrɛfɛ, metabolite (MS/MS) kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen (Si) tilatilali bɛ jira. (B) Modular molecular network : Nodes bɛ MS/MS ni dakunw jira, NDP (bilen) ani NL (bulu) MS/MS jatew (tigɛ,> 0,6). Metabolite specificité index (Si) min bɛ wele ko graded, o kulɛri kɛra ka da modulu kan (numan fɛ) ani ka karti kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni molekiyɔmu rezo ye (niman fɛ). (C) EV jiri ka modulu M1 min bɛ cogo la min bɛ kɛ cogo la min bɛ wele ko constitutif (contrôle) et induite (sinmilé herbivore) sanga 24 kɔnɔ : molecular network diagram (Si value is the node size, defensive phenolamide is highlighted in blue). (D) M1 molekiyɔmu rezo ja min bɛ spektrum layini sETR1 ni EV ni ET faamuyali dɔgɔyali la: fenɔli fɛnɲɛnamafagalan min jiralen don ni sɛrɛkili jɛman node ye, ani danfaraba (P value) min bɛ W + OSM ni W + OSS1 furakɛliw cɛ i n’a fɔ Node hakɛ. CP, N-kafeyoyili-tirosini; CS, N-kafeyɔli-spɛrimidini; FP, asidi N-feruliki ɛsitɛri-asidi uriki; FS, N-ferulili-spɛrimidini; CoP, N’, N “-Kumaroli-tirosini;DCS, N’, N”-dikafeyɔli-spɛrimidini; CFS, N’, N”-kafeyɔli, feruloyi-spɛrimidini;Licium barbarum min bɛ wolfberry Son la, Nick.O-AS, O-asili sukaro.
An ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli in bonya ka taa a fɛ ka bɔ Nepenthes jamu kelen na min fanga dɔgɔyara ka taa sigida la, yɔrɔ min na, fɛn barikama minnu bɛ kɛ fɛnɲɛnama suguya kɔnɔ, olu ɲɛfɔra ka tɛmɛ binkɛnɛ dunbagaw ka JA hakɛw la ani farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw hakɛ la, olu ɲɛfɔra ka tɛmɛ sigida la (26). Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni nin kunnafonidilan in ye walasa ka tumu 43 datugu. O jirisunw bɛ Kɛ ni jiri suguya 123 ye minnu bɛ Bɔ N. pallens la. Nin jiri ninnu bɔra kisɛw la minnu lajɛra sigiyɔrɔw la minnu tɛ kelen ye Utah, Nevada, Arizona ani Californie (Ja S7), an ye jatebɔ kɛ metabolome suguya caman na (a bɛ fɔ yan ko jamanadenw hakɛ) β suguya) ani kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la min sababu bɔra OSM fɛ. Ka bɛn ni kalan tɛmɛnenw ye, an ye farikoloɲɛnajɛ caman yeli ye Hj ni δj aksidanw kan, o b’a jira ko danfaraba bɛ tumuw la u ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ jaabiw plastiki la bindunnaw ma (Ja S7). Nin jɛkulu in bɛ mɔgɔ hakili jigin kɔlɔsili tɛmɛnenw na JAs fɛn caman yeli kan minnu bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ, wa a ye nafa caman mara jamana kelen kɔnɔ (26, 36). Ni an ye baara kɛ ni JA ni JA-Ile ye walasa ka Hj ni δj cɛ hakɛ bɛɛ lajɛlen sɛgɛsɛgɛli sɛgɛsɛgɛ, an y’a ye ko jɛɲɔgɔnya ɲumanba bɛ JA ni metabolome β suguya ni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya index cɛ (Ja S7). O b’a jira ko bindunnaw ka danfara min bɛ JAw bilali la, n’o sɔrɔla jamanadenw hakɛ la, o bɛ se ka kɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ camanba caman ye minnu bɛ sɔrɔ sugandili fɛ ka bɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw ka bindunnaw la.
Kalan tɛmɛnenw y’a jira ko sigarɛti suguyaw tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ suguya la ani u bɛ tali kɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ lafasaliw la minnu bɛ kɛ ni u ye ani minnu bɛ kɛ sababu ye. A dalen b’a la ko nin fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw taamasiɲɛw cili ni u lafasali seko caman yeli bɛ labɛn ni fɛnɲɛnamaw hakɛ degun ye, jiriw ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo, ani lafasali musakaw ye yɔrɔ la, suguya dɔ bɛ falen yɔrɔ min na. An ye furabuluw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw (métabolome remodeling) ɲɔgɔnna sɛgɛsɛgɛ min bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ minnu bɛ bɔ Nicotiana suguya wɔɔrɔ la minnu bɛ bɔ Ameriki Woroduguyanfan ni Ameriki Saheliyanfan na. O suguw ni Nepenthes Ameriki Woroduguyanfan bɛ ɲɔgɔn na kosɛbɛ, n’o ye Nicolas Bociflo ye. La, N. nikotiniw, Nikotiana n. bin fanga dɔgɔyalen, Nicotiana tabacum, taba linear, taba (Nicotiana spegazzinii) ani taba bulu sigarɛti (Nicotiana obtusifolia) (Ja 5A) (37). O suguya wɔɔrɔ, n’o ye suguya ye min bɛ dɔn kosɛbɛ N. please, olu ye san o san jiriw ye minnu bɛ bɔ petunia kulu la, ani obtusifolia N. ye jiriw ye minnu bɛ falen san caman kɔnɔ balimamuso kulu la Trigonophyllae (38). O kɔfɛ, W + W, W + OSM ani W + OSS1 induction kɛra nin suguya wolonwula ninnu kan walasa ka fɛnɲɛnamaw balocogo farikoloɲɛnajɛ labɛncogo kura sɛgɛsɛgɛ suguya hakɛ la.
. (B) Sigida suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw jɛnsɛnni jatebɔsɛbɛn min bɛ Nicotiana suguya wolonwula ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ cogoyaw kan (939 MS/MS; data file S1). Suguda siratigɛ la, metabolomu suguya caman bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na cogo jugu la ni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya hakɛ ye. Fɛnɲɛnɛma suguya caman ni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya ni JA dalajɛli cɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya suguya hakɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli jiralen bɛ ja 2 na.S9. Kulɛri, suguya wɛrɛw; kɛrɛ saba, W + OSS1; kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen, W + OSM; (C) Nicotiana JA ni JA-Ile dinamikiw bɛ jate ka kɛɲɛ ni OS wulicogo amplitude ye (anoVA sira fila ni Tukey HSD caman kɔfɛ ɲɔgɔndan, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01 ani * ** Walasa ka W + OS ni W + W suma, P <0,001). (D) suguya kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka danfara ani (E) kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, binkɛnɛ dunnaw ni metil JA (MeJA) simulatigɛlen kɔfɛ. Dolow bɛ danfaraba jira W + OS ni W + W walima lanolin faralen ɲɔgɔn kan W (Lan + W) walima Lan faralen MeJA kan (Lan + MeJa) ani Lan kɔrɔsili (sɛgɛsɛgɛli fila-fila de variance, o kɔfɛ Tukey ka HSD post hoc multiple comparison , *P<0.05, **P<0.01 ani ***P<0.001).
Baara kɛlen ni kulu fila fɛɛrɛ ye, an ye modulu 9 Sɔrɔ minnu ye MS/MS 939 ye (data file S1). MS/MS minnu labɛnna kokura furakɛli suguya wɛrɛw fɛ, olu danfara ka bon kosɛbɛ modulu suguyaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ suguyaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ (Jaa S8). Hj (min bɛ Weele yan ko suguya-dafalen γ-dafalen) ni δj yecogo la, o b’a Jira ko suguya wɛrɛw bɛ Lajɛ ka Kɛ kuluw ye minnu tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ yɔrɔ la, yɔrɔ min na a ka c’a la suguya-dafalen bɛ Bɔ ka Tɛmɛ nisɔndiya kan. N’a Bɔra N. linear ni N. obliquus la, u bɛ induction (daminɛ) nɔfɛkow camanba jira (Jaa 5B). O ni suguya minnu tɛ kelen ye i n’a fɔ N. purpurea ani N. obtusifolia, olu farikolojɔli jaabi tɛ ye kosɛbɛ furakɛli la, nka farikolojɔlifɛnw ka ca. Farikoloɲɛnajɛ jaabi min bɛ sɔrɔ, o tilatilali suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na, o kɛra sababu ye ka jɛɲɔgɔnya juguba sɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya ni gama suguya caman cɛ (PCC = -0,46, P = 4,9×10-8). Yɛlɛma minnu bɛ kɛ OS fɛ JAs hakɛw la, olu ni metabolome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, olu bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na kosɛbɛ, wa u ni farikoloɲɛnajɛ gamma suguya caman bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na cogo jugu la, suguya kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ min jira (Ja 5B ani Jaa S9). A ka kan ka kɔlɔsi ko suguya minnu bɛ wele kuma la ko « taamasiɲɛ jaabi » suguya minnu bɛ ja 5C kɔnɔ, i n’a fɔ Nepenthes nematodes, Nepenthes nepenthes, Nepenthes acute, ani Nepenthes attenuated, olu ye taamasiɲɛ nafamaw lase miniti 30 kɔnɔ. Kɔsa in na, OS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen JA ni JA-Ile banakisɛ minnu bɔra, k’a sɔrɔ banakisɛ wɛrɛw bɛ wele ko “signal unresponsive”, i n’a fɔ Nepenthes mansinw, Nepenthes muguma ani N. obtusifolia, olu bɛ JA-Ile Edge induction dɔrɔn de jira k’a sɔrɔ OS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen tɛ (Jaa 5C). Farikoloɲɛnajɛ siratigɛ la, i n’a fɔ a fɔra cogo min na sanfɛ, Nepenthes fanga dɔgɔyalen na, taamasiɲɛ jaabi fɛnw ye OS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya jira ani ka dɔ fara δj kan kosɛbɛ, ka sɔrɔ ka Hj dɔgɔya. O OS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen priming effect in ma sɔrɔ suguyaw la minnu jatera i n’a fɔ signal non-reactive species (Jaa 5, D ani E). OS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka farikolojɔlifɛnw bɛ tila ka caya taamasiyɛn jaabi suguyaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, wa o taamasiyɛn kuluw bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni suguyaw ye minnu ka taamasiyɛn jaabi barika ka dɔgɔn, k’a sɔrɔ suguya minnu ka taamasiyɛn jaabi barika ka dɔgɔ, olu bɛ ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ dɔgɔya jira (Ja S8 ). Nin jaabi in b’a jira ko JAw ka OS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka induction ani OS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka jiginɛ metabolome labɛncogo kura bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan suguya ta fan fɛ.
O kɔfɛ, an ye lanolin mugu dɔ kɛ min kɔnɔ metil JA (MeJA) bɛ jiriw furakɛ walasa k’a sɛgɛsɛgɛ ni nin jɛɲɔgɔnya cogoyaw dantigɛlen don JA sɔrɔli fɛ min bɛ kɛ ni JA kɔkanna ye, o bɛna kɛ jiriw ka sitoplasma kɔnɔ. Deesterification teliya ye JA ye. An ye o ŋaniya kelen in sɔrɔ min bɛ fɛn caman Changement dɔɔnin dɔɔnin ka bɔ taamasiyɛn jaabi suguyaw la ka taa taamasiyɛn jaabibali suguyaw la, o min sababu bɔra JA sɔrɔli la ka taa a fɛ (Jaa 5, D ani E). Kuma surun na, MeJA furakɛli ye nematode liniyali, N. obliquus, N. aquaticus, N. pallens ani N. mikimotoi ka metabolomew porogaramu kokura kosɛbɛ, o kɛra sababu ye ka δj caya kosɛbɛ ani ka Hj dɔgɔya. N. purpurea ye dɔ fara δj dɔrɔn de kan, nka Hj ma caya. N. obtusifolia, min jirala ka tɛmɛ ko a bɛ JA hakɛ dɔgɔyalenba dalajɛ, o fana tɛ jaabi jugu di MeJA furakɛli ma metabolome (metabolome) labɛncogo kura siratigɛ la. Nin jaabi ninnu b’a jira ko JA bɔli walima taamasiɲɛw cili bɛ dan farikolo ta fan fɛ suguya minnu tɛ taamasiɲɛ jaabi. Walasa ka nin hakilina in kɔrɔbɔ, an ye suguya naani (N. pallens, N. mills, N. pink ani N. microphylla) sɛgɛsɛgɛ minnu lawulila W + W, W + OSMw ani W + OSS1 Transcriptome fɛ (39). Ka bɛn ni metabolome remodeling cogoya ye, suguyaw faralen don ɲɔgɔn kan kosɛbɛ transcriptome yɔrɔ la, minnu cɛma N. attenuated ye OS-induite RDPI jira, k’a sɔrɔ N. gracilis de ka dɔgɔn (Ja 6A). Nka, a jirala ko N. oblonga ye transkriptɔmu suguya min lawuli, o de tun ka dɔgɔn suguya naani ninnu cɛ, o ni N. oblonga ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan suguya camanba min jirala ka tɛmɛ suguya wolonwula la, o tɛ kelen ye. Kalan tɛmɛnenw y’a jira ko jɛnɛya kulu dɔ min bɛ tali kɛ lafasali taamasiɲɛ fɔlɔw la, JA taamasiɲɛw fana sen bɛ o la, o bɛ lafasali jaabi fɔlɔw kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya ɲɛfɔ, minnu bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ elicitors fɛ Nicotiana suguyaw la (39). JA taamasiɲɛw siraw sumalen nin suguya naani ninnu cɛ, o ye misali nafama dɔ jira (Jaa 6B). O sira in na, jɛnɛya fanba, i n’a fɔ AOC, OPR3, ACX ani COI1, olu ye induction hakɛ caman jira nin suguya naani ninnu na. Nka, jɛnɛya jɔnjɔn dɔ, n’o ye JAR4 ye, o bɛ JA sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ a ka JA-Ile sɛbɛnw dalajɛlenw cogoya ye min bɛ baara kɛ ni ɲɛnamaya ye, wa a sɛbɛnni hakɛ bɛ dɔgɔya kosɛbɛ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la N. mills, Nepenthes pieris ani N. microphylla. Ka fara o kan, AOS jamu wɛrɛ sɛbɛnni dɔrɔn ma sɔrɔ N. bifidum la. O fɛn caman b’a jira ko fɛn minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn falen-falen, olu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalan jugumanw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ JA bɔli dɔgɔyali fɛ taamasiɲɛ anerji suguyaw la ani N. gracilis bilali fɛ.
(A) Kunnafoni-sɛgɛsɛgɛli min kɛra sigarɛti suguya naani minnu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ka surun, olu ka sɛbɛnni jaabi fɔlɔw porogaramu kokura, minnu kɛra miniti 30 kɔnɔ binkɛnɛ daminɛ kɔfɛ. RDPI bɛ jate ni binkɛnɛ dunna OS ye furabulu minnu lawuli ni joginda kɛlɛli ye, olu suma ɲɔgɔn na. Kulɛriw bɛ suguya wɛrɛw jira, taamasiyɛnw bɛ furakɛli kɛcogo wɛrɛw jira. (B) Jɛnɛya jiracogo sɛgɛsɛgɛli JA taamasiɲɛw siraw la suguya naani cɛ. JA sira nɔgɔman bɛ jira kɛsu ja kɛrɛfɛ. Kulɛri suguya wɛrɛw bɛ baarakɛcogo wɛrɛw jira. Dolow b’a jira ko danfaraba bɛ W + OS furakɛli ni W + W kunbɛnni cɛ (Kalandenw ka t-test ka danfara fila-fila, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 ani ***P<0.001). OPDA, asidi 12-oxophytodienoïque; OPC-8 : asidi 0,3-oxo-2(2′(Z)-pentenili)-siklopentani-1-oktanoyiki asidi.
A tila laban na, an ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ cogo min na fɛnɲɛnama suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka jiri suguya wɛrɛw ka metabolome (metabolome) labɛncogo kura bɛ se ka kɛ ka binkɛnɛ dunbagaw kɛlɛ. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli tɛmɛnenw tùn bɛ sinsin Nicotiana suguya kan. U ka se ka Ms ni wuluw kɛlɛ, o tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ (40). Yan, an ye jɛɲɔgɔnya min bɛ nin modɛli in n’u ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ plastiki cɛ, an ye o sɛgɛsɛgɛ. Ni an ye baara kɛ ni sigarɛti suguya naani ye minnu fɔra sanfɛ, ani ka jɛɲɔgɔnya kɔrɔbɔ metabolome suguya caman ni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la min bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ ani jiriw ka se ka Ms ni Sl kɛlɛ, an y’a ye ko a ka se ka Ms ni Sl kɛlɛli, a danfara ani a kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ka ɲɛsin jenerali Sl ma, o bɛɛ bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na kosɛbɛ, k’a sɔrɔ jɛɲɔgɔnya min bɛ muso dɔnnikɛlaw kɛlɛli ni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya cɛ, o barika ka dɔgɔ, wa jɛɲɔgɔnya min bɛ ni danfara ye, o tɛ kosɛbɛ (Jaa S10). S1 kɛlɛli siratigɛ la, N. chinensis ni N. gracilis minnu fanga dɔgɔyara, olu fila bɛɛ, minnu jirala ka tɛmɛ ko u bɛ JA taamasiɲɛw cili hakɛ ni metabolome plasticity fila bɛɛ jira, olu ka jaabiw tun tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ bindunnaw ka induction (induction) la, wa u fana ye o ɲɔgɔnna kɛlɛli caman jira. Cɛnimusoko.
San biwɔɔrɔ tɛmɛnenw kɔnɔ, jiriw lakanani miiriya ye hakilinata-jɛkulu dɔ di, min sinsinnen bɛ ɲininikɛlaw ye jiriw ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw jiginni n’u baara hakɛ caman fɔ. O hakilinaw fanba tɛ tugu inferences strong (41) kɛcogo la min bɛ kɛ cogo la. U bɛ kirayakuma jɔnjɔnw (3) Laɲini sɛgɛsɛgɛli hakɛ kelen na. Ni kirayakumaw kɔrɔbɔli bɛ sira Di hakilina kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ma ka Sɛgɛsɛgɛ, o bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka The field is moving forward. Aw ka dɛmɛ sɔrɔ, nka aw ka ban mɔgɔ wɛrɛw la (42). O nɔ na, ​​hakilina kura in bɛ kirayakumaw kɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli hakɛw la minnu tɛ kelen ye, ka ɲɛfɔli kɛcogo kura dɔ fara a kan (42). Nka, hakilina fila minnu fɔra baarakɛcogo siratigɛ la, n’olu ye MT ni OD ye, olu bɛ se ka ɲɛfɔ nɔgɔya la i n’a fɔ farikolojɔli fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw caman yeli kofɔli nafamaw, minnu bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ: OD miiriya dalen b’a la ko fɛn minnu bɛ kɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ “yɔrɔ” kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na, olu ye sirako ye kosɛbɛ MT ka miiriya dalen b’a la ko nin fɛn caman b’a jira ko nin fɛn caman b’a jira ko nin fɛn caman bɛna kɛ fɛn ye min tɛ ɲɛsin mɔgɔw ma, wa u bɛna kɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ yɔrɔ la k’a sɔrɔ u ma kɛ cogo si la, wa u ka teli ka kɛ ni farikolojɔlifɛnw ye minnu nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. OD ni MT kirayakuma sɛgɛsɛgɛli tɛmɛnenw sɛgɛsɛgɛra ni a priori “lafasali” fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kulu fitinin ye. Nin sɛgɛsɛgɛliw minnu sinsinnen bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kan, olu bɛ se ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw labɛncogo kura hakɛ n’a taamacogo sɛgɛsɛgɛ binkɛnɛ duntuma na, wa u t’a to sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛli jateminɛ kɛcogo basigilen kɔnɔ walasa ka kirayakuma jɔnjɔnw wajibiya minnu bɛ se ka jate u bɛɛ lajɛlen na. Yan, an ye baara kɛ ni fɛɛrɛ kura ye metabolomiki la min sinsinnen bɛ jatebɔ MS kan ani ka deconvolution MS sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ kunnafoniko teori ɲɛfɔbagaw ka wari bɛɛ lajɛlen na walasa ka danfara kɔrɔbɔ o fila ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ minnu labɛnna diɲɛ metabolomiki siratigɛ la. O miiriya in ka kirayakuma jɔnjɔn. Kunnafoni miiriya kɛra baara caman na, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, fɛnɲɛnama suguya caman ni balofɛnw bolicogo ɲinini siratigɛ la (43). Nka, an b’a dɔn cogo min na, nin ye baarakɛcogo fɔlɔ ye min bɛ kɛ ka jiriw ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ kunnafonidiyɔrɔ ɲɛfɔ ani ka sigida gɛlɛyaw ɲɛnabɔ minnu bɛ tali kɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ fɛn caman yeli waati dɔɔnin kɔnɔ, ka kɛɲɛ ni sigida taamasiyɛnw ye. Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, nin fɛɛrɛ in seko bɛ bɔ a seko la ka jiri suguyaw kɔnɔ ani jiri suguyaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ cogoyaw suma ɲɔgɔn na walasa ka binkɛnɛ dunbagaw jiginna cogo min na ka bɔ suguya wɛrɛw la ka taa suguyaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ fɛnɲɛnamaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ fɛnɲɛnamayali cogoyaw la sɛnɛko hakɛ danfaralenw na. Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw (métabolisme).
Principal component analysis (PCA) bɛ kunnafonidilan caman sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ hakɛ dɔgɔyali yɔrɔ ye walasa kunnafonidilanw taabolo kunba ka se ka ɲɛfɔ, o la a ka c’a la, a bɛ kɛ ɲinini fɛɛrɛ ye walasa ka kunnafonidilanw sɛgɛsɛgɛ, i n’a fɔ deconvolution metabolome. Nka, hakɛ dɔgɔyali bɛna kunnafoni kɔnɔkow yɔrɔ dɔ bɔnɛ kunnafonidilan kɔnɔ, wa PCA tɛ se ka kunnafoni hakɛlama di jogo dɔw kan minnu bɛ tali kɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la sigida laminiko miiriya la, i n’a fɔ: binkɛnɛ dunbagaw bɛ danfara labɛn kokura cogo min na foro kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na (misali la, nafolo, u jɛnsɛnni) Ani u caya) farikolojɔlifɛnw? Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalan jumɛnw ye binkɛnɛ dunbaga dɔ ka cogoya wulilen fɔbagaw ye? Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya, suguya caman ani fɛnɲɛnɛmako siratigɛ la, kunnafoni minnu bɛ furabulu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ɲɛfɔli la, olu bɛ tiɲɛ, wa a bɛ sɔrɔ ko bindunnaw dunni bɛ se ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw baara. K’a sɔrɔ an ma miiri o la, an y’a kɔlɔsi ko, i n’a fɔ a ɲɛfɔlen don cogo min na kunnafoniko miiriya jiralanw kɔnɔ minnu waleyara, farikoloɲɛnajɛ cogoya min bɛ sɔrɔ o la, o bɛ ɲɔgɔn dafa kosɛbɛ bindunnaw fila ninnu (su balola jenerali Sl) ni Solanaceae dɔnnikɛla Madamu ka binkanniw kɔfɛ Hali n’u ka balocogo n’u hakɛ tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ. Asidi fatɔ ni asidi aminiki faralen ɲɔgɔn kan (FAC) daminɛbaga OS kɔnɔ (31). Ni bindunnaw OS kɛra ka joginda sɔgɔlenw furakɛ minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye, bindunnaw furakɛli simulate fana ye o cogo kelen jira. Nin fɛɛrɛ sigilen in min bɛ jiriw ka jaabi ladege binkɛnɛ dunbagaw ka binkanniw na, o bɛ fɛnw bɔ yen minnu bɛ mɔgɔ hakili ɲagami, minnu bɛ sɔrɔ binkɛnɛ dunbagaw ka dumunikɛcogo caman yeli fɛ, minnu bɛ na ni tiɲɛni hakɛ caman ye waati wɛrɛw la (34). FAC, min dɔnna ko a ye OSM sababuba ye, o bɛ dɔ bɔ JAS ni jiriw ka ɔrimɔni jaabi wɛrɛw la OSS1 kɔnɔ, ka sɔrɔ OSS1 bɛ dɔ bɔ siɲɛ kɛmɛ caman (31). Nka, OSS1 ye JA dalajɛ hakɛ kelenw lase mɔgɔ ma ni i y’a suma ni OSM ye. A jirala ka tɛmɛ ko JA jaabi min bɛ Nepɛntɛsi fanga dɔgɔyalen na, o bɛ OSM sɛgɛsɛgɛ kosɛbɛ, yɔrɔ min na FAC bɛ se k’a ka baara mara hali ni a kɛra 1:1000 ye ni ji ye (44). O la, n’i y’a suma ni OSM ye, hali ni FAC min bɛ OSS1 kɔnɔ, o ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ, a bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka JA banakisɛ bɛrɛbɛrɛ bila mɔgɔ la. Kalan tɛmɛnenw y’a jira ko porin ɲɔgɔnna furakisɛw (45) ani oligosakaridiw (46) bɛ se ka kɛ molekiyɔmu taamasiɲɛw ye walasa ka jiriw lafasali jaabiw daminɛ OSS1 kɔnɔ. Nka, a ma jɛya hali bi ni nin eliciteurs minnu bɛ OSS1 kɔnɔ, olu de bɛ JA dalajɛli sababu ye min kɔlɔsira nin kalan in na.
Hali ni kalan damadɔw bɛ yen minnu bɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ bolokɔfɛfɛnw danfaralenw ɲɛfɔ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw danfaralenw walima kɛnɛma JA walima SA (asidi salisiliki) tali fɛ (47), mɔgɔ si ma bindunnaw suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka jɔrɔnanko tiɲɛ jiri bin rezo kɔnɔ ani a nɔ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la The overall impact of metabolism is systematically studied. mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka kunnafoniw. Nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli in y’a jira ka t’a fɛ ko kɔnɔna na ɔrimɔni rezo jɛɲɔgɔnya ni jiriw ka ɔrimɔni wɛrɛw ye minnu tɛ JAw ye, o bɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ labɛncogo kura kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen cogoya dilan min bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ. Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, an y’a ye ko ET min bɛ sɔrɔ OSM fɛ, o ka bon kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ OSS1 sababu kan. O cogo in bɛ bɛn FAC kɔnɔkow caman ma OSM kɔnɔ, o ye cogoya wajibiyalen ye ani cogoya dafalen ye walasa ka ET pɛrɛnni daminɛ (48). Fɛnɲɛnɛmaw ni bindunnaw cɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya hukumu kɔnɔ, ET ka taamasiɲɛ baara bɛ kɛ jiri kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw fanga kan, o bɛ kɛ hali bi yɔrɔnin kelen, wa a bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kulu kelen dɔrɔn de laɲini. Ka fara o kan, kalan fanba ye ET tali kɛnɛma walima a ɲɛfɛfɛnw walima a balilan suguya caman kɛ walasa ka ET labɛnni sɛgɛsɛgɛ, o fɛnw cɛma, o furakisɛw tali kɛnɛma bɛna kɔlɔlɔ caman lase mɔgɔ ma minnu tɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye. An ka dɔnniya la, nin kalan in bɛ ET jɔyɔrɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛliba fɔlɔ jira min bɛ kɛ cogo la min bɛ kɛ ET baara la walasa ka jiriw dilan ani k’u faamuya minnu bɛ fɛn caman sɛnɛ, walasa ka jiriw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw (métabolome) sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ. Bin dunbaga kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka ET induction bɛ se ka laban ka metabolome jaabi sɛmɛntiya. Min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ, o ye ET biyosintɛzi (ACO) ni faamuyali (ETR1) jamu caman cili ye min ye bindunnaw kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka fenolamidiw dalajɛli de novo jira. A jirala ka tɛmɛ ko ET bɛ se ka JA ka nikotini dalajɛli ɲɛnabɔ ka ɲɛ ni putrescine N-methyltransferase (49) labɛnni ye. Nka, ka bɔ masinko siratigɛ la, a ma jɛya cogo min na ET bɛ fenamidi induction (fenamidi) induction (fɔcogo ɲuman) ɲɛnabɔ cogo min na. Ka fara ET ka taamasiɲɛw cili baara kan, farikoloɲɛnajɛ jiginni fana bɛ se ka wuli ka taa S-adenosyl-1-methionine la walasa ka wari bilali ɲɛnabɔ poliyaminofenol amidiw la. S-adenosyl-1-methionine ye ET ye ani Common intermediate of polyamine biosynthetic pathway. ET taamasiɲɛ bɛ fenolamidi hakɛ labɛn cogo min na, o ka kan ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli wɛrɛw kɛ.
A mɛnna, k’a sababu kɛ farikolojɔlifɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw caya ye minnu jɔcogo dɔnnen tɛ, jateminɛba min kɛra farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na, o ma se ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman yeli waati caman yeli jateminɛ kosɛbɛ fɛnɲɛnamaw ka jɛɲɔgɔnyaw kɔfɛ. Sisan, ka da kunnafonidi miiriya sɛgɛsɛgɛli kan, MS/MS spektrum sɔrɔli min sinsinnen bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kan minnu tɛ mɔgɔ bɔ mɔgɔ la, o nɔba ye ko bindunnaw bɛ bindunnaw dun walima k’u ladege, olu bɛ taa a fɛ ka furabuluw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan suguya bɛɛ lajɛlen dɔgɔya k’a sɔrɔ u bɛ dɔ fara a kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya hakɛ kan. Nin dɔ farali waati dɔɔnin kɔnɔ metabolome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la min bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ, o bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ dɔ la transcriptome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la. Fɛn min bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka nin fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenba in kɛ (min Si hakɛ ka bon) o ye fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye min ka baara kɛcogo tun bɛ binkɛnɛ duncogo la ka kɔrɔ. Nin misali in bɛ bɛn OD teori ka fɔta ma, nka MT ka fɔta min bɛ tali kɛ metabolome seginni porogaramu kɛcogo la k’a sɔrɔ a ma kɛ cogo si la, o tɛ bɛn. Nka, nin kunnafoniw fana bɛ bɛn ni modɛli ɲagaminen ka fɔta ye (MT ɲuman; Jaa 1B), bawo farikolojɔlifɛn wɛrɛ minnu tɛ taamasiyɛn ye, n’u ka lafasali baara tɛ dɔn, olu bɛ se ka tugu Si tilali gansan dɔ kɔ hali bi.
Misali kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen min minɛna ka t’a fɛ nin ɲinini in fɛ, o ye ko k’a ta fɛnɲɛnamaw ka fɛnɲɛnamayali hakɛ la (jiri kelen ni sigarɛti jamana) ka se jiginni hakɛba ma (sigarɛti suguya minnu bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na kosɛbɛ), sɛnɛko jɛkulu hakɛ danfaralenw bɛ “lafasali ɲuman na” Danfaraba bɛ bindunnaw sekow la. Moore ni a ɲɔgɔnnaw. . nin sɛbɛnnikɛlaw si ma kuma surunya Metabolomu kunnafonidilanba taabolow fana tɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman jatebɔcogo jira ka bɔ o kunnafoniw na. Nin kalan in kɔnɔ, ladilanni misɛnnin minnu kɛra Whittaker ka baarakɛcogo danfara la, olu bɛna α-furakɛli suguya jateminɛ i n’a fɔ MS/MS spekter suguya caman jiri dilen dɔ kɔnɔ, ani β-furakɛcogo suguya caman i n’a fɔ jamanaden kulu dɔ ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ basigilen ye suguya kɔnɔ Space, ani γ-furakɛcogo suguya caman bɛna kɛ suguya kelenw sɛgɛsɛgɛli janya ye.
JA taamasiɲɛ nafa ka bon bindunnaw ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ jaabi caman na. Nka, hakɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli gɛlɛn tɛ kɛ JA biyosintɛzi ɲɛnabɔli suguya kɔnɔ, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan suguya caman sɔrɔ, wa ni JA taamasiɲɛ ye yɔrɔba ye farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman sɔrɔli la degun fɛ, ni a kɛra fɛn caman ye, o tɛ sɔrɔ hali bi. An y’a kɔlɔsi ko Nepenthes bindunnaw ka binkɛnɛya bɛ metabolome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya lase mɔgɔw ma ani metabolome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya caman ɲɔgɔnnabɔli Nikotiana suguyaw jamana kɔnɔ ani Nikotiana suguya minnu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ka surun, o bɛ tali kɛ cogo ɲuman na cogo labɛnnen na ni JA taamasiɲɛw ye. Ka fara o kan, ni JA taamasiɲɛ tiɲɛna, farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya min bɛ sɔrɔ binkɛnɛ dunbaga kelen fɛ, o bɛna ban (Jaa 3, C ani E). Ikomi Nepɛntɛsi jamana minnu fanga dɔgɔyara u yɛrɛ la, olu ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ spektrum yeli fanba ye hakɛ ye, fɛn minnu bɛ fɛn caman Changements dans les metaboliques β variés et specificités dans le analyse in, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka caya farikolojɔlifɛnw falenfalen fɛnɲɛnamafagalan suguyaw lawulili barikama fɛ. O kuluw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, olu bɛ fanga sɔrɔ metabolome profile yɔrɔ dɔ la, wa u bɛ na ni jɛɲɔgɔnya ɲuman ye ni JA taamasiɲɛw ye.
Ikomi sigarɛti suguya minnu ni a bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na kosɛbɛ, olu ka biyokimiki fɛɛrɛw tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ, farikolojɔlifɛnw bɛ dɔn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la jogo ta fan fɛ, o la a bɛ kɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye ka tɛmɛ. Kunnafoni miiriya ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛcogo minɛlen baara, o b’a jira ko binkɛnɛ dunnaw bilali bɛ jago juguya farikoloɲɛnajɛ gama suguya caman ni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya cɛ. JA taamasiyɛn jɔyɔrɔ ka bon kosɛbɛ o jago in na. Metabolome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya caya bɛ bɛn OD ka fɔta kunba ma, wa a ni JA taamasiɲɛ bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na koɲuman, k’a sɔrɔ JA taamasiɲɛ bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na cogo jugu la ni farikoloɲɛnajɛ gamma suguya caman ye. Nin misaliw b’a jira ko jiriw ka OD seko bɛ dantigɛ kosɛbɛ JA ka plastiki fɛ, a kɛra fɛn fitininw sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye wo, a kɛra sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min ka bon. JA kɛcogo kɔrɔbɔli minnu bɛ JA biyosintɛzi dɛsɛw lamini, olu b’a jira ka t’a fɛ ko sigarɛti suguya minnu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ka surun, olu bɛ se ka danfara ka kɛ suguya ye minnu bɛ taamasiɲɛw jaabi ani minnu tɛ jaabi di, i n’a fɔ u ka JA cogoya ani metabolome plasitiki min bɛ sɔrɔ bindunnaw fɛ. Siginiden suguya minnu tɛ jaabi di, olu tɛ se ka jaabi di k’a sababu kɛ u tɛ se ka JA kɔnɔna na, o la, u bɛ farikolo dantigɛ. O bɛ se ka sɔrɔ fɛn falenw fɛ jamu jɔnjɔn dɔw la JA taamasiɲɛw sira la (AOS ani JAR4 N. crescens kɔnɔ) of. Nin jaabi in b’a jira ko nin suguya caman ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ fɛnɲɛnamayali cogoyaw bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye kosɛbɛ fɛn caman yeli ye kɔnɔna na ɔrimɔni faamuyali ni u jaabicogo la.
Ka fara jiriw ni bindunnaw cɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya kan, farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman ɲinini bɛ tali kɛ hakilinata ɲɛtaa nafama bɛɛ la, ɲɛnamayako ladamuni ɲinini na sigida la ani fɛnɲɛnɛmako gɛlɛya gɛlɛnw jiginni na. Ni dɔ farala kunnafonidilanw hakɛ kan minnu bɛ sɔrɔ bi MS minɛnw fɛ, hakilina sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu bɛ kɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman kan, olu bɛ se ka tɛmɛ sisan farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya kelen-kelen/kuluw danfara kan, ka diɲɛ kɔnɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ walasa ka cogoyaw jira minnu ma labɛn. Sɛgɛsɛgɛliba taabolo la, ntalen nafama dɔ ye hakilina ye ka karti kɔrɔw labɛn minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ka kunnafoniw sɛgɛsɛgɛ. O la, MS/MS fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ni kunnafoniko miiriya minnu tɛ mɔgɔ bɔ mɔgɔ la, olu faralen ɲɔgɔn kan sisan, o nɔ nafama dɔ ye ko a bɛ mɛtɛrɛ nɔgɔman dɔ di min bɛ se ka kɛ ka kartiw dilan walasa ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman lajɛ taxonomi hakɛ danfaralenw kan. O ye o fɛɛrɛ in wajibiyalen jɔnjɔn ye. Micro/macro evolution ani sigida laminiko kalanni.
Ni an bɛ fɛn caman sɛgɛsɛgɛli la, Ehrlich ni Raven (51) ka jiri ni fɛnɲɛnamaw ka ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ miiriya jɔnjɔn ye k’a fɔ ko fɛnɲɛnama suguya caman ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman ɲɔgɔnna yeli de ye jiriw bɔnsɔnw camanbɔli sababu ye. Nka, san bi duuru kɔnɔ kabini nin baara in bɔra kɛnɛ kan, o hakilina in man teli ka kɔrɔbɔ (52). O bɛ bɔ kosɛbɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ cogoyaw la minnu bɛ se ka suma ɲɔgɔn ma jiriw bɔnsɔn janw na. Rarity bɛ se ka kɛ ka laɲini sɛgɛsɛgɛli fɛɛrɛw jɔ. Sisan MS/MS baarakɛcogo min bɛ baara kɛ ni kunnafoniko miiriya ye, o bɛ MS/MS sigicogo bɔɲɔgɔnko hakɛ jateminɛ farikolojɔlifɛn dɔnbaliw la (k’a sɔrɔ farikolojɔlifɛnw sugandili ma kɛ fɔlɔ) ani ka o MS/MSw sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ MS/MS kulu ye, o cogo la, farikoloɲɛnajɛla baarakɛlaw ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ la Nin misaliba minnu bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamaw ye, olu bɛ suma ɲɔgɔn na danfara hakɛ la. Jateminɛ kɛcogo nɔgɔmanw. O kɛcogo bɛ tali kɛ jamu-sɛgɛsɛgɛli la, min bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni ɲɔgɔndan sinsinni ye walasa ka danfara walima jogo caman sɛgɛsɛgɛli hakɛ jateminɛ k’a sɔrɔ a ma kɔn ka fɔ.
Biyokimiki siratigɛ la, Firn ni Jones (53) ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli hakilina b’a jira ko farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman bɛ mara hakɛ danfaralenw na walasa ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw di walasa ka farikolojɔlifɛnw ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo kɛ minnu tun tɛ ɲɔgɔn ta fɔlɔ walima minnu tun bɛ ɲɔgɔn nɔ na. Kunnafoni miiriya fɛɛrɛw bɛ sigida dɔ di, nin fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw jiginni jiginni minnu bɛ kɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kɛtuma na, olu bɛ se ka jate min kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo laɲininen dɔ: ladamuni min bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamaw ye ka bɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya dɔgɔyalen na ka taa kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw balilenw sigida dɔ la.
O bɛɛ lajɛlen na, molekiyɔmu ɲɛnamayako daminɛ waatiw la, jiriw lakanani miiriya nafamaw dabɔra, wa fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ tali kɛ hakilinaw la minnu bɛ bɔ hakilinaw la, olu jatera kosɛbɛ ko olu de ye dɔnniya ɲɛtaa sira kelenpe ye. O bɛ bɔ kosɛbɛ fɛɛrɛko dantigɛliw la minnu bɛ kɛ ka metabolome bɛɛ suman. Hali n’a y’a sɔrɔ fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ tali kɛ hakilinaw la, olu nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ sababuya fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw sugandili la, u seko ka taa ɲɛ an ka faamuyali la biyokimiki rezow kan, o dan ye ka tɛmɛ jatebɔ fɛɛrɛw kan minnu bɛ sɔrɔ sisan bi kunnafonidilanw na. O la, hakilina minnu tɛ se ka fɔ ka ɲɛ, olu bɛ tɛmɛn kunnafonidilanw kan minnu bɛ sɔrɔ, o la, ɲɛtaa formula/test cycle hypothétique min bɛ ɲinini siratigɛ la, o tɛ se ka ban (4). An b’a ye ka kɔn a ɲɛ ko jatebɔ baarakɛcogo min bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye, n’o donna yan, o bɛ se ka nafa lawuli kokura farikoloɲɛnajɛ suguya caman koɲɛw la minnu kɛra kɔsa in na (cogo) ani labanw (mun na), ani ka dɛmɛ don waati kura la, min bɛ tali kɛ kunnafonidilanw dɔnniya la, min ɲɛminɛna hakilila siratigɛ la. O waati ye hakilina nafamaw sɛgɛsɛgɛ kokura minnu ye bɔnsɔn tɛmɛnenw bila sira.
Bin dunbagaw baloli tilennen bɛ kɛ ni instar larva filanan walima Sl larva lamɔli ye Pale-colored pitcher jiri bulu kelen kan, roso kelen falen jiri kelen na, ni jiri 10 ɲɔgɔnna ye jiri kelen na. Fɛnɲɛnɛmaw ka wuluw sirilen don ni sirilanw ye, ka furabulu tɔw lajɛ lɛri 24 ni 72 banakisɛ sɔrɔlen kɔfɛ ka u sumaya joona, ka farikolojɔlifɛnw bɔ.
Aw bɛ binkɛnɛ furakɛli ladege cogo la min bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma kosɛbɛ. O fɛɛrɛ ye ka finimugu misali wotoro saba sɔgɔ jiri bulu saba minnu bonyalen don kosɛbɛ, olu cɛmancɛ fan kelen-kelen bɛɛ la finimugu jiribolo falen waati la, ka sɔrɔ ka 1:5 Diluted Ms kɛ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ. Walima ka bolokɔnincininw kɛ ni ganw ye walasa ka S1 OS don sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ joginda la. Aw bɛ furabulu dɔ tigɛ ka a baara i n’a fɔ a ɲɛfɔlen don cogo min sanfɛ. Aw bɛ fɛɛrɛ ɲɛfɔlen kɛ ka tɛmɛ walasa ka farikolojɔlifɛn fɔlɔw ni jiriw ka ɔrimɔni bɔ (54).
Ni aw bɛ JA kɛ kɛnɛma, suguya kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka roso falen jiri wɔɔrɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka petiole bulu saba bɛ furakɛ ni lanolin paste 20μl ye min kɔnɔ MeJA 150μg (Lan + MeJA) bɛ sɔrɔ, ani lanolin 20μl fara joginda furakɛli kan (Lan + W), walima ka lanolin saniyalen 20μl kɛ a kunbɛncogo ye. A buluw tigɛra lɛri 72 furakɛli kɔfɛ, ka u sumaya joona azote jilama kɔnɔ, ka u mara -80°C la fo ka se u kɛli ma.
JA ni ET fɛnɲɛnamafagalan naani, n’olu ye irAOC (36), irCOI1 (55), irACO ani sETR1 (48) ye, olu sɔrɔla an ka ɲininikɛla kulu kɔnɔ. irAOC ye dɔgɔya jira kosɛbɛ JA ni JA-Ile hakɛ la, ka sɔrɔ irCOI1 tun tɛ JAw sɛgɛsɛgɛ. Ni an y’a suma ni EV ye, JA-Ile dalajɛli cayara. O cogo kelen na, irACO bɛna dɔ bɔ ET bɔli la, wa ni i y’a suma ni EV ye, sETR1 min tɛ ET sɔrɔ, o bɛna dɔ fara ET bɔli kan.
Laser spectromètre photoacoustique (Sensor Sense ETD-300 real-time ET sensor) bɛ kɛ ka ET sumani kɛ k’a sɔrɔ a ma kɛ. Furakɛli kɔfɛ dɔrɔn, a bulu tilancɛ tigɛra ka u bila galasi daga datugulen mililitiri 4 kɔnɔ, ka tila ka kunkolo yɔrɔ bila ka dalajɛ sanga 5 kɔnɔ. Sumani kɛtuma na, fiyɛlilan kelen-kelen bɛɛ ko ni fiɲɛ saniyalen ye min bɛ litiri 2/lɛrɛ kɔnɔ miniti 8 kɔnɔ, o min tun tɛmɛna ka tɛmɛ Sensor Sense ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan dɔ fɛ min dira walasa ka CO2 ni ji bɔ.
Microarray kunnafoniw bɔra fɔlɔ san (35) kɔnɔ, wa u maralen bɛ jamana ka kunnafonidilan na min bɛ wele ko National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Comprehensive Database (accession number GSE30287). Kunnafoni minnu bɛ bɛn furabuluw ma minnu sababu bɔra W + OSMs furakɛli la ani kɔrɔsili min ma tiɲɛ, olu bɔra nin kalan in kama. A fanga raw ye log2 ye. Sani jateminɛ ka kɛ, basigi tun bɛ wuli ka kɛ normal ye ka se a kɛmɛsarada la 75nan ma ni R porogaramu ye.
Nicotiana suguyaw ka ARN sinsinni (ARN-seq) kunnafoniw fɔlɔ bɔra NCBI Short Reading Archives (SRA) kɔnɔ, porozɛ nimɔrɔ ye PRJNA301787 ye, o min fɔra Zhou ni a ɲɔgɔnnaw fɛ. (39) ani ka taa ɲɛ i n’a fɔ a ɲɛfɔlen bɛ cogo min na (56) kɔnɔ. Kunnafoni raw minnu baara kɛra W + W, W + OSM ani W + OSS1 fɛ minnu bɛ bɛn Nicotiana suguyaw ma, olu sugandira walasa ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ nin kalan in kɔnɔ, ka baara kɛ nin cogo in na: Fɔlɔ, ARN-seq kalanni raw jiginna ka kɛ FASTQ cogo ye. HISAT2 bɛ FASTQ sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ SAM ye, ani SAMtools bɛ SAM filenw sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ BAM filenw ye minnu labɛnna. StringTie bɛ kɛ ka jamu jiracogo jate, wa a jiracogo ye ko fɛnɲɛnɛmaw bɛ sɔrɔ basigi yɔrɔ ba kelen na, sɛbɛnnikɛlan miliyɔn kelen kɔnɔ minnu bɛ tugu ɲɔgɔn kɔ.
Acclaim chromatographic column (150 mm x 2,1 mm; particule size 2,2μm) min kɛra sɛgɛsɛgɛli la ani 4 mm x 4 mm garadi koloma bɛ kɛ ni fɛn kelen ye. Nin gradient filanin in bɛ kɛ Dionex UltiMate 3000 Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) sigida la: miniti 0 fo miniti 0,5, isocratic 90% A [ji deionisé, 0,1% (v/v) asetonitrili ani 0,05% asidi formiki], 10% B (Acetonitrile ani 0,05% asidi formiki) Miniti 0,5 fo miniti 23,5, gradient fasa ye 10% A ani 90% B ye; Miniti 23,5 fo miniti 25, isocratic 10% A ani 90% B. A jibɔ hakɛ ye 400μl/min ye. MS sɛgɛsɛgɛliw bɛɛ la, aw bɛ kolotuguda jibɔlan pikiri kɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛlikɛlan na min bɛ wele ko quadrupole ani time-of-flight (qTOF) min bɛ ni kuran fiyɛlan ye min bɛ baara kɛ ionizasiyɔn ɲuman cogo la (kapilɛri tension, 4500 V; kapilɛri bɔli 130 V ; Jalen funteni 200°C; jalen fiɲɛbɔli litiri 10/min).
Aw bɛ MS / MS yɔrɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ (a bɛ fɔ a ma kɔfɛ ko MS / MS) min nafa tɛ walima min tɛ se ka faranfasi ka bɔ kunnafoniw na walasa ka sigida kunnafoniw sɔrɔ farikoloɲɛnajɛ cogoya bɛɛ lajɛlen kan min bɛ se ka dɔn. MS/MS fɛɛrɛ danfaralen hakilina bɛ tali kɛ a la ko quadrupole (naani) bɛ ni mass isolation window belebeleba ye [o la, aw ka mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) taamasiɲɛw bɛɛ jate i n’a fɔ yɔrɔw O de kama, bawo Impact II minɛn ma se ka CE tilt da, sɛgɛsɛgɛli yɛrɛmahɔrɔnyalen caman kɛra ni dɔ farala ɲɔgɔn kan ni ɲɔgɔndan-induite dissociation collision energy (CE) hakɛw ye. Kuma surun na, aw bɛ fɔlɔ ka misali sɛgɛsɛgɛ ni UHPLC-electrospray ionization/qTOF-MS ye ni mass spectrometry mode kelen ye (fragmentation low conditions generated by in-source fragmentation), ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ka bɔ m/z 50 na ka se 1500 ma ni seginkanni hakɛ ye 5 Hz. Aw bɛ azote kɛ ɲɔgɔndan gazi ye MS/MS sɛgɛsɛgɛli kama, ani ka sumanikɛcogo yɛrɛmahɔrɔnyalenw kɛ nin ɲɔgɔndan naani danfaralenw na minnu bɛ sɔrɔ ɲɔgɔnkanu fɛ: 20, 30, 40 ani 50 eV. Sumani kɛcogo bɛɛ la, naani bɛ ni masala-yɔrɔ-ko-finɛtiri belebeleba ye, k’a ta m/z 50 na ka se 1500. Ni ɲɛfɛ farikolo m/z ni danfara bonya kɔlɔsili bilala 200 na, masala hakɛ bɛ baara kɛ a yɛrɛma minɛn in baarakɛcogo porogaramu fɛ ani 0 Da. Aw bɛ masala yɔrɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛ i n’a fɔ a bɛ kɛ cogo min na masala kelen cogo la. Aw bɛ foromazi sodiyɔmu (isoporopanɔli mililitiri 50, asidi foromiki mililitiri 200 ani NaOH jilama mililitiri 1) kɛ ka jama hakɛ jateminɛ. Bruker ka jateminɛ kɛcogo ɲumanba fɛ, kunnafonidilan bɛ jateminɛ kɛ spektrum cɛmancɛ bolilen kɔfɛ waati dɔ kɔnɔ. Baara kɛ ni Data Analysis v4.0 porogaramu (Brook Dalton, Bremen, Alimanjamana) ka bɔli baarakɛcogo ye walasa ka kunnafonidilan raw filenw sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ NetCDF cogo ye. MS/MS kunnafonidilanw maralen don metabolomiki kunnafonidilan dafalen kɔnɔ MetaboLights (www.ebi.ac.uk) ni don nimɔrɔ ye. MTBLS1471 ye.
MS/MS lajɛ bɛ se ka kɛ ni jɛɲɔgɔnya sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye MS1 ni MS/MS jogoɲumanya taamasiɲɛw cɛ walasa ka ɲɔgɔndan fanga dɔgɔya ni fanga caman sɔrɔ ani sariya kura minnu bɛ waleya. R sɛbɛnni bɛ kɛ ka jɛɲɔgɔnya sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛn dilannen tilatilali ma, ani C# sɛbɛnni (https://github.com/MPI-DL/indiscriminant-MS-MS-assembly-pipeline) bɛ kɛ ka sariyaw waleya.
Walasa ka fili ɲuman nkalonmaw dɔgɔya minnu bɛ sɔrɔ kɔkan mankan fɛ ani jɛɲɔgɔnya nkalonma min bɛ sɔrɔ m/z fɛn dɔw sɔrɔli fɛ misali damadɔ dɔrɔn kɔnɔ, an bɛ baara kɛ ni R pake XCMS ka “filled peak” baarakɛcogo ye (for background noise correction) Ka kan ka kɛ ka “NA” (undetected peak) fanga bila a nɔ na. Ni fasa kuncɛ baarakɛcogo bɛ baara kɛ, hali bi “0′′ fanga hakɛ caman bɛ kunnafonidilan kɔnɔ minnu bɛna nɔ bila jɛɲɔgɔnya jatebɔ la.O kɔfɛ, an bɛ kunnafonidilanw baaracogo jaabiw suma ɲɔgɔn na minnu sɔrɔla ni falen kuncɛ baara kɛra ani ni falen kuncɛ baarakɛcogo ma baara kɛ, ka kɔkan mankan hakɛ jate ka da a kan, ka kɛɲɛ ni jateminɛ kɛlen ye min latilen don cɛmancɛ la, o kɔfɛ, an bɛ o 0 fanga hakɛw bila kɔkanna hakɛ jatebɔlen nɔ na.An fana bɛ a tun bɛ fɛnw dɔrɔn de jate minnu fanga tɛmɛna kɔkanna nafa siɲɛ saba kan, wa a tun b’u jate “kuncɛ lakikaw” ye. PCC jatebɔw kama, m/z taamasiɲɛw dɔrɔn de bɛ jateminɛ minnu bɛ kɛ misali ɲɛfɛla (MS1) ni fragment data sets ni a dɔgɔyalenba la 8 peaks tiɲɛnenw na.
Ni ɲɛfɛla jogoɲumanya yɔrɔ fanga bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na kosɛbɛ ni jogoɲumanya kelen in fanga dɔgɔyali ye min bɛ kɛ ni ɲɔgɔndan fanga dɔgɔman ye walima ni fanga caman ye, wa ni o yɔrɔ ma taamasiyɛn kɛ izotopu kuncɛlen ye CAMERA fɛ, o bɛ se ka ɲɛfɔ ka taa a fɛ. O kɔfɛ, ni jatebɔ kɛra ɲɛbila-fɛn fila-fila minnu bɛ se ka kɛ, s 3 kɔnɔ (minɛ waati jateminɛlen min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛnw marali kuncɛlen ma), jɛɲɔgɔnya sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ kɛ. Ni m/z hakɛ dɔgɔyara ka tɛmɛ ɲɛbila hakɛ kan ani ni MS/MS tilali kɛra misali yɔrɔ kelen na kunnafonidilan kɔnɔ ni ɲɛbila min bɔra a la, o dɔrɔn de bɛ jate fɛnɲɛnɛma ye.
Ka da nin sariya nɔgɔman fila in kan, an bɛ dakun kofɔlenw bɔ kɛnɛ kan minnu m/z hakɛw ka bon ni m/z ye min bɛ kɛ ɲɛfɛla jiralen na, ani ka da misali jɔyɔrɔ kan, ɲɛbila bɛ bɔ yɔrɔ min na ani yɔrɔ kofɔlen. A bɛ se fana ka jogoɲumanya fɛnw sugandi minnu bɛ sɔrɔ sɔrɔyɔrɔ kɔnɔ fɛn caman fɛ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ MS1 cogo la, k’u kɛ kandidaw ɲɛfɛla ye, o la, MS/MS fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɛ sɔrɔ minnu tɛ foyi ɲɛ. Walasa ka dɔ bɔ o kunnafonidilanw caya la, ni spekterw ka NDP bɔɲɔgɔnko tɛmɛna 0,6 kan, wa u bɛ chromatogramme “pcgroup” kɔnɔ min sɛbɛnna CAMERA fɛ, an bɛna u fara ɲɔgɔn kan. A laban na, an bɛ CE jaabi naani bɛɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan minnu bɛ tali kɛ ɲɛbila ni yɔrɔw la ka kɛ spektrum composite deconvoluté laban ye, an kɛtɔ ka fanga kuncɛba sugandi kandida kuncɛ bɛɛ cɛma ni m/z hakɛ kelen ye ɲɔgɔndan fanga danfaralenw na. O kɔfɛ, baarakɛcogo minnu bɛ kɛ, olu sinsinnen bɛ spektrum composite hakilina kan, wa u bɛ jateminɛ kɛ CE cogoya danfaralenw na minnu ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka tila-tilacogo caya, bawo yɔrɔ dɔw bɛ se ka dɔn dɔrɔn ɲɔgɔndan fanga kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ jukɔrɔ.
RDPI (30) kɛra ka farikoloɲɛnajɛ kɛcogo inducibility jatebɔ. Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw ka danfara (Hj index) bɛ bɔ MS/MS ɲɛfɛfɛnw caya la ni MS/MS frequency distribution ka Shannon entropy ye ni nin equation in ye min ɲɛfɔra Martínez ni a ɲɔgɔnnaw fɛ. (8) ye. Hj = −∑i = 1mPijlog2(Pij) yɔrɔ min na Pij bɛ bɛn MS/MS i-nan ka caya danfaralen ma j-nan misali la (j = 1, 2,..., m) (i = 1, 2, ..., m) t).
Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya (Si index) bɛ ɲɛfɔ iko MS/MS dilen dɔ ka jiracogo danfara ka kɛɲɛ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛlenw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ caya ye. MS/MS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya jate bɛ kɛ Si = 1t (∑j = 1tPijPilog2PijPi) ye .
Aw bɛ nin formula in kɛ walasa ka j misali kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka δj hakɛ jateminɛ min bɛ kɛ ni metabolome kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye, ani MS/MS kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya hakɛ cɛmancɛ δj = ∑i = 1mPijSi
MS/MS spekterw bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ fila-fila, wa ɲɔgɔn bɔlen bɛ jate ka da jatebɔ fila kan. Fɔlɔ, ni NDP jɔnjɔn ye (a bɛ fɔ fana ko cosine correlation method), baara kɛ ni nin daɲɛ in ye walasa ka segin-ka-bɔnye sɔrɔ spekter NDP = (∑iS1 & S2WS1, iWS2, i) 2∑iWS1, i2∑iWS2, i2 cɛ yɔrɔ min na S1 ni S2 O bɛ bɛn, spektrum 1 ni spektrum 2 kama, ka fara WS1, i ani WS2, i kan bɛ girinya jira ka da a kuncɛ fanga kan ko danfara min bɛ kuluba i-nan na spekter fila ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ o ka dɔgɔ ni 0,01 Da ye. Kisɛ jate bɛ kɛ nin cogo la : W = [setigiya kuncɛlen] m [jogo] n, m = 0,5, n = 2, i n’a fɔ MassBank y’a jira cogo min na.
Jatebɔ fɛɛrɛ filanan kɛra, o min tun ye ka NL jɛlen sɛgɛsɛgɛ MS/MS ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. O kama, an ye baara kɛ ni NL lisi 52 ye minnu bɛ sɔrɔ tuma caman na MS tila-tilacogo senfɛ, ani NL kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenba (data file S1) min ɲɛfɔra ka tɛmɛ MS/MS spectre kan, n’o ye Nepenthes suguya barikamaw ka metabolite filananw ye ( 9, 26). Aw bɛ 1 ni 0 vektɔri fila dabɔ MS/MS kelen-kelen bɛɛ kama, min bɛ bɛn NL dɔw ka sisan ni u tɛ yen. Ka da Euclide ka yɔrɔjan bɔɲɔgɔnko kan, NL bɔɲɔgɔnko jate bɛ jate NL vektɔri fila kelen-kelen bɛɛ la.
Walasa ka kulu fila kɛ, an ye baara kɛ ni R pake DiffCoEx ye, o min sinsinnen bɛ Weighted Gene Co-expression Analysis (WGCNA) janya dɔ kan. Baara kɛli ni MS/MS spekterw ka NDP ni NL scoring matrices ye, an ye DiffCoEx kɛ ka jatebɔ kɛ comparative correlation matrix kan. Binary clustering bɛ kɛ ni “cutreeDynamic” paramɛtiri bilali ye fɛɛrɛ = “hybride”, cutHeight = 0.9999, deepSplit = T, ani minClusterSize = 10. DiffCoEx ka R source code telesarse ka bɔ file 1 wɛrɛ la Tesson et al fɛ. (57) ; R WGCNA porogaramu wajibiyalen bɛ se ka sɔrɔ https://horvath.genetics.ucla.edu/html/CoexpressionNetwork/Rpackages/WGCNA kɔnɔ.
Walasa ka MS/MS molekiyɔmu rezo sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ, an ye jatebɔ kɛ spektral ɲɔgɔndan fila-fila kan ka da NDP ni NL bɔɲɔgɔnko suguyaw kan, ka baara kɛ ni Cytoscape porogaramu ye walasa ka rezo topidiya jira ni organique layout ye CyFilescape yFiles layout algorithm extension application kɔnɔ.
Baara kɛ ni R version 3.0.1 ye walasa ka jateminɛ kɛ kunnafoniw kan. Jateminɛ nafa jateminɛna ni sira fila sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye (ANOVA), o kɔfɛ, Tukey ka danfara nafama tiɲɛnen (HSD) kɔfɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛra. Walasa ka danfara min bɛ binkɛnɛ furakɛli ni kɔrɔsili cɛ, o sɛgɛsɛgɛ, sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛra ni Student’s t test ye, misali kulu fila minnu ka danfara ye kelen ye, olu tilatilali fila-fila la.
Walasa ka kunnafoni wɛrɛw sɔrɔ nin barokun in kan, aw bɛ se ka http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/24/eaaz0381/DC1 lajɛ
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Kunnafoni miiriya bɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ ka wari di walasa ka metabolomu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw suma ɲɔgɔn na ani ka kɔrɔbɔli lafasali miiriyaw fɔ.
Kunnafoni miiriya bɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ ka wari di walasa ka metabolomu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw suma ɲɔgɔn na ani ka kɔrɔbɔli lafasali miiriyaw fɔ.
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